Appendix:Proto-Edoid reconstructions
The following list of Proto-Edoid reconstructions is from Elugbe (1989).
List
[edit]| Number | Gloss | Proto-Edoid | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | slice, trim, etc. | *bɛ | |
| 2 | black, be | *bi | |
| 3 | red, be | *bha | |
| 4 | you (pl.) | *bhaɪ | |
| 5 | house, room | *U-bhaGɪ, -baGɪ | |
| 6 | wide, be | *bhɛ | |
| 7 | ask | *bhiənhə | |
| 8 | oil | *A-bhidhi | I- |
| 9 | sleep (v.) | *bhɪchɪN | |
| 10 | sleep (n.) | *U-bhɪchɪN | |
| 11 | have, possess | *bhuNənhə | |
| 12 | dog | *A-bhωa | I- |
| 13 | goat | *E-bhωɪ | I- |
| 14 | plait (hair) | *ɓaNa | |
| 15 | give birth, bear (child) | *ɓiə | |
| 16 | leaf | *U-ɓɪ | I- |
| 17 | arm, hand | *ghU-ɓɔ | A- |
| 18 | build, thatch (roof) | *ɓɔN | |
| 19 | sand, dust | *-ɓu- | |
| 20 | break (a stick) | *ɓunhə | |
| 21 | many, be | *ɓu | |
| 22 | doctor | *O-ɓω | A- |
| 23 | shoot, hit | *ca | |
| 24 | faeces | *A-cəNə | |
| 24 | fall | *deNi | |
| 25 | effective, be (of juju); come true (of prophecy, etc.) | *cɛ | |
| 26 | pull | *ci | |
| 27 | nine | *i-ciənhi | |
| 28 | spin (thread) | *ciN | |
| 29 | saliva | *A-cɪaNɪ | I- |
| 30 | sew | *cω | |
| 31 | sing | *cω | |
| 32 | carry (load on head) | *c\oaGɪ | |
| 33 | father | *O-cωe | A- |
| 34 | crawl, drag, draw (of snail); flow | *cωN | |
| 35 | night | *A-cωNa | I- |
| 36 | forget | *chamhɪnha | |
| 37 | three | *ɪɪ-chaGɪ | |
| 38 | six | *-chaN | |
| 39 | fish | *-ch(i)ənhi | |
| 40 | seven | *i-chiə- | |
| 41 | good, be | *chiəmhi | |
| 42 | head | *U-chiəmhi | A- |
| 43 | five | *ii-chiNənhi | |
| 44 | man, male | *O-chɪ- | I- |
| 45 | ear | *ghU-chɔGɪ | A- |
| 45 | hoe, dig | *gωa | |
| 46 | penis | *A-chuə | I- |
| 47 | hunter | *O-chuə | I- |
| 48 | hear | *chuənhə, chiənhi | |
| 48 | hoe (n.) | *-guə | |
| 49 | nose | *I-chuəNi; *-chuveNi | A- |
| 50 | take (something) | *da | |
| 51 | grey hair | *U-daN | I- |
| 52 | river | *E-də | I- |
| 53 | long, be (of a stick) | *dedhi | |
| 55 | sell | *dɛGɪ | |
| 56 | tie (rope) | *di | |
| 57 | steal | *do | |
| 58 | weave | *do | |
| 59 | stone | *U-doGi, -dio | I- |
| 60 | sharpen (knife) | *dɔGi | |
| 61 | louse | *A-du- ?? | |
| 63 | tongue | *U-dhamhɪ | A- |
| 64 | corpse | *O-dhimhi | A- |
| 65 | eat | *dhɪ | |
| 66 | think, consider | *dhodho | |
| 67 | bargain | *dω | |
| 67 | swallow | *dhɔNɪ | |
| 68 | do, make | *dhu | |
| 69 | cotton | *O-dhudhu | I- |
| 70 | rope | *U-dhuNi; *-dhiNi | A- |
| 71 | eye | *dhI-dhω | A- |
| 72 | drink (alcohol) | *ɗa | |
| 73 | buy | *ɗɛ | |
| 74 | oil palm | *U-ɗi | A- |
| 75 | heart, liver | *U-ɗiə | A- |
| 76 | pound (in mortar) | *ɗumhi | |
| 77 | tie (bundle); make (rope) | *fadhɪ | |
| 78 | wind | *O-fɛdh- | |
| 79 | nail (finger) | *-fɪNa | |
| 80 | wind | *A-fofo | I- |
| 81 | swell | *fumhi | |
| 82 | wash (clothes) | *fωNɪnhɪ; *fωɛnhɪ | |
| 83 | weed, dig | *gu | |
| 86 | twenty | *U-gheGi; *-ɟheGi | |
| 87 | send (someone to do something) | *ghiə, ɟhiə | |
| 88 | dance | *gbhe | |
| 88 | die | *ghu | |
| 89 | tortoise | *E-ghuNi | I- |
| 90 | beat, kill | *gbeGi | |
| 91 | ten | *-gbeNi | |
| 93 | laugh | *ghiə (or *gbəi ?) | |
| 93 | newness | *-gbɔ | |
| 94 | life, world | *A-gbɔN | |
| 95 | tie | *gbha | |
| 96 | chin, jaw | *-gbhamhɪ | |
| 97 | thirty | *O-gbaN | |
| 99 | choose | *ɟɛ | |
| 100 | thief | *O-ɟi | A- |
| 101 | blood | *U-ɟɪ-, -ɟɪa | A- |
| 102 | axe | *A-ɟuəNi | I- |
| 103 | dry | *ka | |
| 104 | maize | *O-ka | I- |
| 105 | carve (wood) | *kadhɪ | |
| 106 | back, behind, rear side | *U-kə | I- |
| 107 | split | *kɛGɪ | |
| 108 | earth, soil | *-kɛN | |
| 109 | market | *A-ki | I- |
| 110 | moon (pl. months) | *U-ki | I- |
| 111 | he-goat | *A-kiə | I- |
| 112 | egg | *dhI-kiNə | A- |
| 113 | gather | *koko | |
| 114 | cock (onomatopoeic) | *O-kokodhoko | I- |
| 115 | plant, sow | *kɔ | |
| 116 | boat, canoe; mortar | *U-kɔ | I- |
| 117 | pour | *ku | |
| 118 | tooth | *dhI-kωN | A- |
| 119 | navel | *U-khəN | I- |
| 120 | housefly | *A-khɪNa | I- |
| 121 | walk, go | *khɪNa | |
| 122 | chicken (domestic fowl) | *O-khɔkhɔ | I- |
| 123 | fight, war (v.) | *khɔnhɪ | |
| 124 | open, close | *khuə | |
| 125 | heavy, be | *khω- | |
| 126 | wash (body) | *khωɛ | |
| 127 | war | *dhI-khωmhɪ | A- |
| 128 | vomit | *kpa | |
| 129 | bag | *E-kpa | I- |
| 130 | cock | *O-kpa | I- |
| 131 | cloth | *U-kpəN | A- |
| 132 | think | *kpe (or *kphe- ?) | |
| 133 | year | *U-kpe | A- |
| 134 | wash (things) | *kpeNi | |
| 135 | leopard | *E-kpɛN | I- |
| 136 | horn | *U-kphanhɪ | A- |
| 137 | beat (drum) | *kphədhi | |
| 138 | lick | *ladhɔ | |
| 139 | creep, flow | *lə | |
| 140 | grind | *lɔ | |
| 141 | mould, build | *ma | |
| 142 | learn | *ma- | |
| 143 | I (independent) | *mɛmhɛ | |
| 144 | wring (clothes) | *mi | |
| 145 | see | *mɪnhɪ | |
| 146 | water | *A-mɪN | I- |
| 147 | bear (fruit) | *mɔ | |
| 148 | child | *-mɔ | |
| 149 | catch, hold in hand | *mu | |
| 150 | measure | *mha | |
| 151 | we (independent) | *mhanhɪ | |
| 152 | my, mine | *-mhɛ | |
| 153 | thing, something | *-mhinhi | |
| 154 | ashes | *A-mhuNə | |
| 155 | give | *na | |
| 156 | defecate | *nəN(u) | |
| 157 | name | *dhI-ni | A- |
| 158 | elephant | *E-ni | I- |
| 159 | four | *-niə | |
| 160 | vein | *U-niə, -nhiə | A- |
| 161 | cold (n.) | *O-ninhə | |
| 162 | ask, question | *nɔ | |
| 163 | mouth | *A-nuə | |
| 164 | animal, meat | *E-nhamhɪ | I- |
| 165 | know | *nhichə, nhiəchə | |
| 166 | eight | *-nhɪNanhɪ | |
| 167 | throw | *pi | |
| 168 | bird | *A-pɪ- | I- |
| 169 | fear (n.) | *U-pɪN | |
| 170 | finished, be; end | *pω | |
| 171 | cold, wet, be | *pɔchɪ | |
| 172 | extinguish | *puN | |
| 173 | white, be | *pωNa | |
| 174 | new, be | *pha | |
| 175 | belly, intestine | *dhI-phaNɪ | A- |
| 176 | urinate | *phɛ | |
| 177 | urine | *A-phɛNɪ | |
| 178 | skin | *U-phɪNa | I- |
| 179 | blow (with mouth) | *phupho | |
| 180 | say, tell | *ta | |
| 181 | ground | *U-tɔ | A- |
| 182 | dig | *tɔN | |
| 183 | roast | *tɔN | |
| 184 | scatter, pour | *tu | |
| 185 | burn | *tωchɪ | |
| 186 | hair | *U-tωN | I- |
| 187 | untie | *thaN | |
| 188 | tree | *U-thaNɪ | I- |
| 189 | tail | *U-thiəmhi | A- |
| 190 | hat, cap | *U-thu | A- |
| 191 | antelope, duiker, cow | *E-thuəNi | I- |
| 192 | butcher, break, split | *va | |
| 193 | shout, loud, be | *vaN | |
| 194 | two | *I-və | |
| 195 | king | *O-vie | I- |
| 196 | cry, weep | *vɪɛ | |
| 197 | fetch, draw (water) | *vo | |
| 198 | full, be | *vɔNω | |
| 199 | uproot, harvest (root crop) | *vuN | |
| 201 | stink | *vωaNɪ | |
| 202 | say (to someone) | *wəGi | |
| 203 | ripe, strong, hard, be | *wω | |
| 204 | live, dwell (in a place) | *yənhi | |
| 205 | drink (alcoholic) | *A-yəN | |
| 206 | song | *I-yodho | |
| 207 | drink (water) | *yɔNω |
References
[edit]- Elugbe, Ben Ohiọmamhẹ. 1989. Comparative Edoid: phonology and lexicon. Delta Series No. 6. Port Harcourt: University of Port Harcourt Press.