Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kinkōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gang-, *ganǵ- (“to mock, insult”). Cognate with Sanskrit गञ्ज (gañja, “disrespect”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkin.kɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*kinkōną

1. to laugh loudly, kink

Inflection

Conjugation of *kinkōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kinkō	*kinkǭ	—	*kinkōi	?
2nd singular	*kinkōsi	*kinkōs	*kinkō	*kinkōsai	*kinkōsau
3rd singular	*kinkōþi	*kinkō	*kinkōþau	*kinkōþai	*kinkōþau
1st dual	*kinkōs	*kinkōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*kinkōþiz	*kinkōþiz	*kinkōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*kinkōmaz	*kinkōm	—	*kinkōnþai	*kinkōnþau
2nd plural	*kinkōþ	*kinkōþ	*kinkōþ	*kinkōnþai	*kinkōnþau
3rd plural	*kinkōnþi	*kinkōn	*kinkōnþau	*kinkōnþai	*kinkōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kinkōdǭ	*kinkōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*kinkōdēz	*kinkōdēdīz
3rd singular	*kinkōdē	*kinkōdēdī
1st dual	*kinkōdēdū	*kinkōdēdīw
2nd dual	*kinkōdēdudiz	*kinkōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*kinkōdēdum	*kinkōdēdīm
2nd plural	*kinkōdēdud	*kinkōdēdīd
3rd plural	*kinkōdēdun	*kinkōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*kinkōndz	*kinkōdaz

Related terms

• *kanką

Descendants

• Old English: *cincian (attested in cincung); *cenċan
  • Middle English: kinken, kynken; kenchen; kinkehost
    • Scots: kink; kinkhoste
    • English: kink; chincough
• Old Frisian: *kinkja
  • West Frisian: kinkhoast
• Old Saxon: *kinkōn
  • Middle Low German: *kinken; kinkhōste
    • Low German: kinkhōst
    • (→ German: Keichhusten, Keuchhusten)
    • → Danish: kighoste
      • → Icelandic: kíghósti
    • → Swedish: kikhosta
• Old Dutch: *kinkon
  • Middle Dutch: kincken, kinken; kinkhōste
    • Dutch: kinken; kinkhoest