Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krunkōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *grn̥ǵʰnéh₂-, a zero-grade iterative to *kringaną (“to turn, fall”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkruŋ.kɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*krunkōną

1. to turn, wind

Inflection

The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, singular *krunk- against non-singular *krung-.

Conjugation of *krunkōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*krunkō	*krunkǭ	—	*krunkōi	?
2nd singular	*krunkōsi	*krunkōs	*krunkō	*krunkōsai	*krunkōsau
3rd singular	*krunkōþi	*krunkō	*krunkōþau	*krunkōþai	*krunkōþau
1st dual	*krunkōs	*krunkōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*krunkōþiz	*krunkōþiz	*krunkōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*krunkōmaz	*krunkōm	—	*krunkōnþai	*krunkōnþau
2nd plural	*krunkōþ	*krunkōþ	*krunkōþ	*krunkōnþai	*krunkōnþau
3rd plural	*krunkōnþi	*krunkōn	*krunkōnþau	*krunkōnþai	*krunkōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*krunkōdǭ	*krunkōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*krunkōdēz	*krunkōdēdīz
3rd singular	*krunkōdē	*krunkōdēdī
1st dual	*krunkōdēdū	*krunkōdēdīw
2nd dual	*krunkōdēdudiz	*krunkōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*krunkōdēdum	*krunkōdēdīm
2nd plural	*krunkōdēdud	*krunkōdēdīd
3rd plural	*krunkōdēdun	*krunkōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*krunkōndz	*krunkōdaz

Descendants

• (English: crunkle) (dialectal; with frequentative suffix)
• Dutch: kronken (early modern), cf. kronkelen (with frequentative suffix)

References

• Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN