Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/luftuz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *lewp-, *lewb-, *lewbʰ- (“to peel, break off, damage”), from Proto-Indo-European *lew- (“to cut away, remove, prune”). According to Kroonen (2013, 342), from Proto-Indo-European *lubʰ-tu-. This may be linked to Russian луб (lub, “bast”), Old Prussian lubbo (“bast, plank”) and therefore have an original meaning of "roof". Old English evidence points to an i-stem variant *luftiz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈluɸ.tuz/

Noun

*luftuz m

1. roof
2. roof of the earth, firmament; heavens, sky
3. atmosphere
4. air

Inflection

u-stemDeclension of *luftuz (u-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*luftuz	*luftiwiz
vocative	*luftu	*luftiwiz
accusative	*luftų	*luftunz
genitive	*luftauz	*luftiwǫ̂
dative	*luftiwi	*luftumaz
instrumental	*luftū	*luftumiz

Derived terms

• *luftijaną
• *luftīnaz

Related terms

• *lubją
• *luftą

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *luftu
  • Old English: lyft
    • Middle English: luft, lift
      • English: lift
      • Scots: luft, lift
  • Old Frisian: luft, lufte, *loft
    • Saterland Frisian: Luft
    • West Frisian: loft
  • Old Saxon: luft
    • Middle Low German: lucht
      • Low German: lucht, luft, Luft
        • East Frisian Low Saxon: Loft
        • Plautdietsch:

          Volhynian: Lift

      • → Saterland Frisian: Lucht
      • → Faroese: luft, luktur (“smell”)
      • → Norwegian: luft, lukt (“smell”)
      • → Swedish: luft, lukt (“smell”)
      • → Danish: luft, lugt (“smell”)
  • Old Dutch: *luft
    • Middle Dutch: lucht, locht
      • Dutch: lucht
        • → West Frisian: lucht
  • Old High German: luft; luht (northern)
    • Middle High German: luft; lucht
      • German: Luft
        • → English: luft
        • → Czech: luft
        • → Luxembourgish: Loft
        • → Kashubian: lëft
        • → Polish: luft
        • → Silesian: luft
      • Central Franconian: Luft, Loft, Loff (originally south-eastern); Luucht, Luuch, Luht, Lueht (northern and western, now only for “space”)
        • Hunsrik: Luft
        • Luxembourgish: Luucht, Lut
      • East Central German:

        Lusatian: Luffd

        Vilamovian: łöft

      • Pennsylvania German: Luft
      • Yiddish: לופֿט (luft)
• Old Norse: lopt n, loft (< *luftą)
  • Icelandic: loft
  • Faroese: loft
  • Norwegian: loft
  • Swedish: loft
  • Danish: luft
  • → Old English: loft
    • Middle English: lofte
      • Scots: loft, laft
      • English: loft
  • → Irish: lochta, lafta, lofta, lota; lochda
• Gothic: 𐌻𐌿𐍆𐍄𐌿𐍃 (luftus)