Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/siwjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *syewh₁- (“to sew”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *šiti (“to sew”) (whence Russian шить (šitʹ)) and with Lithuanian siū́ti (“to sew”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsiw.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*siwjaną

1. to sew

Inflection

Conjugation of *siwjaną (weak class 1)

	active voice				passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative		indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*siwjō	*siwjaų	—		*siwjai	?
2nd singular	*siwisi	*siwjais	*siwi		*siwjasai	*siwjaisau
3rd singular	*siwiþi	*siwjai	*siwjaþau		*siwjaþai	*siwjaiþau
1st dual	*siwjōs	*siwjaiw	—		—	—
2nd dual	*siwjaþiz	*siwjaiþiz	*siwjaþiz		—	—
1st plural	*siwjamaz	*siwjaim	—		*siwjanþai	*siwjainþau
2nd plural	*siwiþ	*siwjaiþ	*siwiþ		*siwjanþai	*siwjainþau
3rd plural	*siwjanþi	*siwjain	*siwjanþau		*siwjanþai	*siwjainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*siwidǭ	*siwidēdį̄
2nd singular	*siwidēz	*siwidēdīz
3rd singular	*siwidē	*siwidēdī
1st dual	*siwidēdū	*siwidēdīw
2nd dual	*siwidēdudiz	*siwidēdīdiz
1st plural	*siwidēdum	*siwidēdīm
2nd plural	*siwidēdud	*siwidēdīd
3rd plural	*siwidēdun	*siwidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*siwjandz	*siwidaz

Related terms

• *saumaz
• *seudaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *siuwjan
  • Old English: siwian, seowian, sēowan
    • Middle English: sewen, seowen, sowen
      • English: sew
        • → Akolet: sewim
      • Scots: sew
  • Old Frisian: sīa
    • North Frisian: saie, seie, siie, sei
    • Saterland Frisian: säie
  • Old Saxon: siuwian
    • Middle Low German: suwen
  • Old High German: siuwen
    • Middle High German: siuwen
• Old Norse: sýja
  • Danish: sy
  • Icelandic: sýja
  • Norwegian: sy
  • Swedish: sy
• Gothic: 𐍃𐌹𐌿𐌾𐌰𐌽 (siujan)