Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skaþô

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)keh₁t- (“damage, harm”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἀσκηθής (askēthḗs, “intact, safe, sound”, literally “without damage”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈskɑ.θɔːː/

Noun

*skaþô m

1. damage, scathe

   Synonym: *mainą

2. one who causes damage; injurer

Inflection

masculine an-stemDeclension of *skaþô (masculine an-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*skaþô	*skaþaniz
vocative	*skaþô	*skaþaniz
accusative	*skaþanų	*skaþanunz
genitive	*skaþiniz	*skaþanǫ̂
dative	*skaþini	*skaþammaz
instrumental	*skaþinē	*skaþammiz

Derived terms

• *skaþōną

Related terms

• *Skadinawjō
• *skaþiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *skaþō
  • Old English: sceaþa
    • Middle English: schathe
  • Old Frisian: skatha, sketha
    • Saterland Frisian: Scada
  • Old Saxon: skatho
    • Middle Low German: schade
  • Old Dutch: scatho
    • Middle Dutch: schāde
      • Dutch: schade
      • Limburgish: sjaaj
  • Old High German: scado
    • Middle High German: schade
      • Central Franconian: Schade
      • German: Schaden
      • Hunsrik: Schaade
      • Luxembourgish: Schued
      • Yiddish: שאָד (shod)
    • → Czech: škoda
    • → Old Polish: szkoda
      • Polish: szkoda
      • → Old East Slavic: шкода (škoda)
        • Belarusian: шко́да (škóda)
        • Russian: шко́да (škóda)
        • Ukrainian: шко́да (škóda)
    • → Serbo-Croatian: škȍda, шко̏да
    • → Slovak: škoda
• Old Norse: skaði
  • Icelandic: skaði
  • Faroese: skaði
  • Norwegian:
    • Norwegian Bokmål: skade
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: skade
  • Old Swedish: skaþi
    • Swedish: skada, skade
  • Old Danish: skathi
    • Danish: skade
  • → Middle English: scathe, skathe
    • Scots: scath, scaith, skaith, schath, schaith
    • English: scath, scathe