Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/waraz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *worós (“attentive”), from *wer- (“to heed; be watchful”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈwɑ.rɑz/

Adjective

*waraz

1. cautious; heedful; wary; watchful

Inflection

Declension of *waraz (a-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*waraz	*warai	*warō	*warôz	*warą, -atō	*warō
Accusative	*waranǭ	*waranz	*warǭ	*warōz	*warą, -atō	*warō
Genitive	*waras, -is	*waraizǫ̂	*waraizōz	*waraizǫ̂	*waras, -is	*waraizǫ̂
Dative	*warammai	*waraimaz	*waraizōi	*waraimaz	*warammai	*waraimaz
Instrumental	*waranō	*waraimiz	*waraizō	*waraimiz	*waranō	*waraimiz
Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*warô	*waraniz	*warǭ	*warōniz	*warô	*warōnō
Accusative	*waranų	*waranunz	*warōnų	*warōnunz	*warô	*warōnō
Genitive	*wariniz	*waranǫ̂	*warōniz	*warōnǫ̂	*wariniz	*waranǫ̂
Dative	*warini	*warammaz	*warōni	*warōmaz	*warini	*warammaz
Instrumental	*warinē	*warammiz	*warōnē	*warōmiz	*warinē	*warammiz

Derived terms

• *gawaraz → Proto-West Germanic *gawar
• *waralīkaz

Related terms

• *warjaną
• *warō
• *warōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *war
  • Old English: wær
    • Middle English: war, ware
      • English: ware
  • Old Frisian: war, ware
    • ⇒ West Frisian: warskôgje
  • Old Saxon: war
  • Old Dutch: *war
    • Middle Dutch: waer (in compounds: waerschuwen, ontware, ontwaer, etc.)
  • Old High German: war
• Old Norse: varr
  • Icelandic: var
  • Faroese: varur
  • Norwegian: var
  • Old Swedish: var
    • Swedish: var; varsam
  • Danish: var
• Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐍃 (wars)
• → Proto-Finnic: *vara (< *warō)
  • Estonian: vara
  • Finnish: vara
  • Ingrian: vara
  • Karelian: vara
  • Veps: vara