Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ters-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European[edit]

Root[edit]

*ters-^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

dry

Derived terms[edit]

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ters-‎ (48 c, 0 e)

*térs-e-tor (deponent thematic root present)^[1]
- Proto-Germanic: *þersaną (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: τέρσομαι (térsomai)
*tr̥s-yé-ti (yé-present)^[1]
- Proto-Germanic: *þurzijaną
  - Gothic: *𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*þaursjan) (in 𐌰𐍆𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (afþaursjan))
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tŕ̥šyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tŕ̥ṣyati
    - Sanskrit: तृष्यति (tṛ́ṣyati)
      - Hindi: तरसना (tarasnā)
*tors-éye-ti (causative)^[1]^[2]^[4] (see there for further descendants)
*tr̥s-eh₁(ye)-ti (eh₁-stative)^[1]^[4]
- Proto-Germanic:
  - Old High German: dorrēn
- Proto-Italic: *torz-ēō
  - Latin: torrēns (see there for further descendants)
*ters-o-^[5]
- Proto-Italic: *terzā, *terzom
  - Latin: terra (see there for further descendants)
  - Oscan: 𐌕𐌄𐌓𐌀𐌔 (teras), 𐌕𐌄𐌄𐌓𐌞𐌌 (teerúm), 𐌕𐌄𐌓𐌞𐌌 (terúm), 𐌕𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌝𐌔 (tereís), 𐌕𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌝 (tereí)
*tērs-os or root noun *tḗrs^[5]^[6]
- Proto-Celtic: *tīros (see there for further descendants)
  - *tīrs-es-mi-
    - Old Irish: tírimm, tirimm
*tr̥s-ḱós
- Proto-Germanic: *þurskaz (“cod”) (see there for further descendants)
*ters-kʷo-
- Proto-Celtic: *terskos
  - Old Irish: terc
    - Irish: tearc
- >? Latin: *te(r)skʷom
  - Latin: tesquum, tescum
*térs-ti-s ~ *tr̥s-téy-s
- Proto-Germanic: *þurstiz (see there for further descendants)
*térs-tu-s ~ *tr̥s-téw-s
- Proto-Celtic: *tartus (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *þurstuz (see there for further descendants)
*térs-us
- Proto-Celtic:
  - Old Irish: tur
- Proto-Germanic: *þursuz (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *táršuš
  - Proto-Iranian: *táršuš
    - Avestan: 𐬙𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬎 (taršu)
    - Middle Persian: tšknk'^[7]
    - →? Old Armenian: թաշկինակ (tʿaškinak)^[7]
- Proto-Italic:
  - Latin: torrus
*tr̥s-nós
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tŕ̥šnas (see there for further descendants)
*tr̥s-ós (“flat surface for drying food”)^[8]
- Proto-Armenian:
  - Middle Armenian: թառ (tʿaṙ) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *þarzṓ
  - Old High German: darra (“apparatus for drying fruits, etc.”)
    - Middle High German: darre
      - >? Cimbrian: dèrra
      - German: Darre
  - Old Norse:
    - Norwegian: tarre (“frame for drying malts, etc.”)
    - Swedish: tarre
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: ταρσός (tarsós, “cheese hurdle; flat surface, board, blade, sole, palm”)
*tr̥s-tós
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tr̥štás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tr̥ṣṭás
    - Sanskrit: तृष्ट (tṛṣṭá)
- Proto-Italic: *torstos
  - Latin: torstus, tostus (see there for further descendants)
Other formations:
- Proto-Albanian: *tarsja
  - Albanian: ter
- Proto-Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: թառամ (tʿaṙam), թարշամ- (tʿaršam-)

References[edit]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 637-638
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Demiraj, B. (1997) “ter”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎^[1] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 384
^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[2], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “torreō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 634-635
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “terra”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 616
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 379–380
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 247
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ταρσός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1453–1454

[LIV-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 637-638

[D-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Demiraj, B. (1997) “ter”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎^[1] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 384

[Ringe_2006-3] Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[2], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

[DV_torreo-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “torreō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 634-635

[DV_terra-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “terra”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 616

[M-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 379–380

[Olsen-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 247

[8] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ταρσός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1453–1454

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Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ters-

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