Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/s-njam

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This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan[edit]

Etymology[edit]

  • Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *niəm/nyəm (Coblin, 1986)
    • Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *s-nyam ("think"), *nyam ("see") (Matisoff, STEDT)

Compare Proto-Austronesian *nemnem (to think) (Sagart, 1993) (~ doublet *demdem (to think)) (> Paiwan (Kulalao) ki-nemnem (to think, to cogitate), Kavalan anem (heart, mind, conscience), Javanese angrem (sit brooding)), Khmer ចំណាំ (cɑmnam, to remember, to keep in mind; memory, remembrance) (< ចាំ (cam)) (Schuessler, 2007).

Verb[edit]

*s-njam

  1. to think

Noun[edit]

*s-njam

  1. mind, thought

Descendants[edit]

  • Old Chinese: (niàn) /*nˤim-s/ (B-S), /*nɯːms/ (ZS) ("to think of, to miss; to show love for; to read aloud"); 無念无念 (wúniàn) /*m.nˤim-s/ (B-S; unlisted) ("to think of"); /*nəmʔ/ (B-S), /*njɯmʔ/ (ZS) ("to think of, to long for")
    • Middle Chinese: (nemH), (ȵiɪmX)

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Japanese:  (ねん, ​nen)
Korean:  (, nyeom)
Vietnamese: niệm ()

      • Modern Mandarin
        • Beijing: (niàn) (niàn, /ni̯ɛn⁵¹/), (rèn, /ʐən⁵¹/)
  • Himalayish
    • Tibeto-Kanauri
      • Bodic
        • Tibetan
          • Written Tibetan: ཉམས (nyams, soul, mind, thought), སྙམ་པ (snyam pa, to think; mind)

See also[edit]