Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čistъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *skīstas, *skaistas, from Proto-Indo-European *skidtos (by Winter's law), *skoydtos, from *(s)keyd-.

Cognate with Lithuanian skýstas (“thin”) and/or skáistas (“beautiful, pretty”), Latvian šķîsts (“thin, clear, clean”) and Old Prussian skijstan (“pure”).

Adjective

*čìstъ

1. clean, pure

   *čistъ [otъ] (with genitive) ― free from something

   *čistъ grěxa, čistъ otъ grěxa ― free from guilt

   *do čista ― completely, utterly

   *čista voda ― clear, transparent, uncontaminated water

   *čisto nebo ― clear sky, sunny, without clouds

   *čisto zolto ― pure gold

   *čisto sьrebro ― pure silver

   *čista pravьda ― evident, obvious truth

   *čisto sьrdьce ― pure heart, innocent heart

   *čisto polje ― open field

   *čistъ pǫtь ― clear path

Declension

Accent paradigm a.

Indefinite declension of *čistъ (hard, accent paradigm a)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*čìstъ	*čìsta	*čìsto
genitive	*čìsta	*čìsty	*čìsta
dative	*čìstu	*čìstě	*čìstu
accusative	*čìstъ	*čìstǫ	*čìsto
instrumental	*čìstomь	*čìstojǫ	*čìstomь
locative	*čìstě	*čìstě	*čìstě
vocative	*čìste	*čìsto	*čìsto
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*čìsta	*čìstě	*čìstě
genitive	*čìstu	*čìstu	*čìstu
dative	*čìstoma	*čìstama	*čìstoma
accusative	*čìsta	*čìstě	*čìstě
instrumental	*čìstoma	*čìstama	*čìstoma
locative	*čìstu	*čìstu	*čìstu
vocative	*čìsta	*čìstě	*čìstě
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*čìsti	*čìsty	*čìsta
genitive	*čìstъ	*čìstъ	*čìstъ
dative	*čìstomъ	*čìstamъ	*čìstomъ
accusative	*čìsty	*čìsty	*čìsta
instrumental	*čìsty	*čìstami	*čìsty
locative	*čìstěxъ	*čìstaxъ	*čìstěxъ
vocative	*čìsti	*čìsty	*čìsta

Definite declension of *čistъ (hard, accent paradigm a)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*čìstъjь	*čìstaja	*čìstoje
genitive	*čìstajego	*čìstyję̇	*čìstajego
dative	*čìstujemu	*čìstěji	*čìstujemu
accusative	*čìstъjь	*čìstǫjǫ	*čìstoje
instrumental	*čìstyjimь	*čìstǫjǫ	*čìstyjimь
locative	*čìstějemь	*čìstěji	*čìstějemь
vocative	*čìstъjь	*čìstaja	*čìstoje
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*čìstaja	*čìstěji	*čìstěji
genitive	*čìstuju	*čìstuju	*čìstuju
dative	*čìstyjima	*čìstyjima	*čìstyjima
accusative	*čìstaja	*čìstěji	*čìstěji
instrumental	*čìstyjima	*čìstyjima	*čìstyjima
locative	*čìstuju	*čìstuju	*čìstuju
vocative	*čìstaja	*čìstěji	*čìstěji
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*čìstiji	*čìstyję̇	*čìstaja
genitive	*čìstъjixъ	*čìstъjixъ	*čìstъjixъ
dative	*čìstyjimъ	*čìstyjimъ	*čìstyjimъ
accusative	*čìstyję̇	*čìstyję̇	*čìstaja
instrumental	*čìstyjimi	*čìstyjimi	*čìstyjimi
locative	*čìstyjixъ	*čìstyjixъ	*čìstyjixъ
vocative	*čìstiji	*čìstyję̇	*čìstaja

Derived terms

• *čìstě, *čìsto (“clearly, purely”)
• *čìstiti (“to clean, purify”)
• *čìstota (“cleanness, purity”)

Related terms

• *cěditi (“to strain, filter”)
• *cěstiti

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: чистъ (čistŭ)
    • Belarusian: чы́сты (čýsty)
    • Russian: чи́стый (čístyj)
    • Carpathian Rusyn: чы́стий (čŷ́styj)
    • Ukrainian: чи́стий (čýstyj)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: чистъ (čistŭ)

    Glagolitic script: ⱍⰻⱄⱅⱏ (čistŭ)

  • Bulgarian: чист (čist)
  • Macedonian: чист (čist)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: чи̏ст

    Latin script: čȉst

  • Slovene: čȋst (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Kashubian: czësti
  • Old Czech: čistý
    • Czech: čistý
  • Polabian: caist, caistĕ
  • Polish: czysty
  • Silesian: czisty
  • Slovak: čistý
  • Slovincian: czisty
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: čisty
    • Lower Sorbian: cysty

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “чистый”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*čistъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 120
• Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1976), “*čistъ”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volumes 2 (caca – davьnota), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 204
• “skystas”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012