Appendix:Proto-Yukaghir reconstructions

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Proto-Yukaghir reconstructions:[1]

Nikolaeva (2006)[edit]

No. Gloss Proto-Yukaghir notes
1 stop *aː-
2 pr. (the river Rassoxa, a tributary of the Korkodon) *aččə/*waččə
3 lichen; reindeer *aːčə/*waːčə
4 bag *ačiː
5 bark; prey *að-/*ant-/*wað-/*want-
6 perineum; walk *ad’a-
7 marmot *aðačə
8 airplane aèroplan loanword
9 pr. (a man) afanasij
10 vertebrae *aɣ-/*aŋk-
11 laugh; mock *aɣal’wə/*aŋqəl’wə
12 pr. (a woman) *aɣaːńə/*aŋqaːńə
13 air; animal; breath; breathe; consciousness; death; die; exhalation; well *aɣarə/*aɣaðə
14 Even *aɣatə/*aŋqətə/*waɣatə/*waŋqətə
15 pr. (a river) *aɣčə-?
16 undressed *aɣil-/*aŋqil-/*waɣil-/*waŋqil-
17 abuse; blame; deceive; doubt; embarrass; envious; frighten; jealous; offend; presentiment; sin; suspicious *aj- 1
18 arbalest; beat; shoot; throw *aj- 2
19 somersault *aj ?
20 accurate; diligent; everything; glad; happy; laugh; profligate; rejoice; right; think; understand; wonderful *aja- 1
21 close; open; scatter; scrape; scratch; skin; strip; tear; wash *aja- 2
22 disorder; noise; riot ajdaːn
23 tooth *ajin/*wajin
24 boot; skin; trousers *ajiŋ/*wajiŋ
25 egg *ajl’
26 calm down; prevent; stop *ajlə-/*wajlə-
27 stumble *ajun-/*wajun-
28 blink; close; kingdom; shadow; sleep; soul; swamp; wink; world *ajwə-/*wajwə-
29 brother; cousin; elder akaː
30 fool akaːry
31 like aki
32 raft aːl 1
33 abate; after; below; bottom; down; eyelid; hill; lace; late; loose; lose; low; mountain; short; steep; turn; under; victory; win; world; young *aːl 2
34 order *aːl-
35 ice-hole; melt; patch; resin; sea; thaw *al’-
36 light; Tungus *ala-
37 diaphragm; disk; human; liver *al’aːjə
38 mother *alajə ?
39 ground *alaji-
40 stupid *alal- ?
41 weasel *alaqəjwə ?
42 pr. (the river Balygyčan) *alčən/*walčən
43 tree *aːlə
44 Aleksandr aleksandr loanword
45 accident alɣas
46 or ali
47 disappoint *al’l’ə-
48 cackle *al’q-
49 because; much; very *alqə-
50 spoon *aluj
51 flutter; pour; spill; throw *al’wə-/*wal’wə-/*al’pə-/*wal’pə-
52 harness; strap *alyk
53 bone; claw; fish: Amur ide; skeleton; tall; unwell *am-
54 death; die; languish; lay; mortal; muzzle; prepare; put; spread *am-/*wam-
55 really; surprise *ama-
56 father; great-grandfather amaː
57 reindeer amarkaːn
58 barn ambar
59 American amerikanec
60 Amen amiń
61 shout *amipə-/*wamipə- ?
62 cut; digestive; disappear; dive; embrace; sink; sunset; swallow *amlə-
63 after; here *amun-/*wamun- ?
64 answer; blame; bleed; bless; conjure; conversation; cry; exaggeration; God; interpreter; language; match-maker; proverb; read; respond; say; shaman; song; speak; speech; syllable; talk; tongue; wizard; word *an- 1
65 here; that; there; when *an- 2
66 present *an- 3
67 censure; evil; foul; rumour; scold; sin; tease *ań- 1
68 antler; belt; driver; sledge *ań- 2
69 bird; fish; gills; intestine; pole; scale; September; spoon *an-/*wan-
70 suddenly *ana
71 boat *ana-
72 foot; girl; hill; kabarga; marmot; mountain *anaː 1
73 disease *anaː 2
74 arrow; beard; door; eat; eloquent; hoop; lip; moustache; mouth; murder; open; palate; pole; river-mouth; scissors; voice; yawn *aŋa
75 *anadər/*anantər/*wanadər/*wanantər
76 purpose *anaːn
77 cupboard; world *aːnč-/*waːnč-
78 alarm; fuss *anč’ə-
79 bird: falcon; bird: goldfinch *aŋč’ilə/*waŋč’ilə
80 pr. (a goddess) *an-dajdu
81 betray *aŋðə-
82 bird: duck; river andy
83 more *ańil
84 fish: omul *anjə ?
85 game *anjə-
87 chieftain; king; kingdom; separate *anlə-
88 frill; gradual *aŋl’ə-/*waŋl’ə-
89 Russian; vodka *aŋluː/*waŋluː
90 cause; idle; just; leisure; not; reason; still; suddenly *anmə
91 harness; reindeer; sledge; straddle *ańmə-
94 rough; wave *anŋijə
95 before; first *aŋnumə/*waŋnumə
96 befriend; brother; complain; friend; guard; hide; illegitimate; kill; pair; quiet; report; secret; shaman; sneak; surreptitious; whisper *aŋq-
97 comb; scraper; scratch; storm *anqə-
98 suffer; torture *aŋqurpə/*waŋqurpə
99 bachelor; son; youth; fellow *ant-
100 belt; waist *aŋt-
101 disease *aŋtə-
102 fight; kill; touch *antə-
103 glue *ańtə-/*wańtə- ?
104 two *antəq-/*wantəq-
105 inform *aŋtiː-
106 racer *anul’l’ə
107 love *anurə-/*wanurə-
108 float *apaj-/*wapaj- ?
109 wife *apanəlaː
110 fifty; five *apjə-/*wapjə- ?
111 collect; gather *aptə-
112 always; antler; bare; barefooted; bareheaded; bear; because; glove; only; really; still; suddenly; too; weak *aq
114 bottom; foot; paw; sole *ar-
115 adroit; energetic; flexible; hard; light *ara
116 suddenly arai
117 coffin *arańəs/*aðańəs
119 flap; nappy *aːrə
120 bow; fire-arms; foresight; gun; honest; muzzle; trigger; unload *aːriː/*aːðiː
122 wolverine *arinəwujaː/*warinəwujaː
124 background; beside; hole; near; sledge; support; to; until *arq-/*aːrq-
125 butterfly *asapəlliː
126 sibling *aslə
127 prick *assə-/*wassə-
128 end; finish *at-/*wat-
129 spider ataqiː
130 mould; rust *atilə
131 hardly *atməlč’aːq
132 stuck *attə-/*wattə-
133 sell atyːlaː-
134 gather *aw- 1
135 baby; brain; container; cradle; den; fill; horizontal; keep; lie; nest; pull; put; sheath *aw- 2
136 fresh *aw- 3
137 noise aw- 4
138 confusion; fringe; pull; stretch; tighten *aw-/*amp-/*waw-/*wamp-
139 cousin; elder; girl; grandmother; mother-in-low; sister; spirit *awa
140 asleep; bed; blanket; coat; cover; dream; evening; skin; sleep; yesterday *aːwə
141 arrow; bow; shovel *awjə
142 disk; hook *aːwə/*ampə
143 hair; hide *awrə-/*awðə- ?
144 swamp badaraːn
145 noise baːd’y-
146 perhaps baɣar
148 fish: peled baraŋəttaː
149 get out; leave; quite *basmak
150 oppress battaː-
151 disease; lame; leg; rheumatism; swell *beče-
152 trouble beda
154 even bel
155 sign; mark belie
156 juniper bereznjak
159 or bieter
160 April; wrist bileːn
161 beads biser
163 blessing blagoslovenie
164 bless blagoslovljat’
165 plate; saucer bljudo
166 catch; flutter *boba-
167 cockle; shrink; sew bobin-
168 beaver bobr
169 barrel bočka
170 champion; hero bogatyr’
172 God bless you bog-s-toboj
173 sharp; smart bojkij
174 cauldron *bojl’ə
175 completely *bolləqənə
176 disturb brodit’
177 swamp buča
178 as if budto
179 completely bukatyn
180 paper bumaga
181 guilt; punishment burui
182 thick *buskə
183 stocking butul
184 all; every bütün
185 bottle butylka
186 kingdom carstvo
187 rouble celqovyj
188 diminish; few; harm; lack; less; little; miserable; needy; prematurely *čaː-
189 brother; cousin; uncle *čaː(čaː)
191 path; trail; trodden *čaːðə-/*čantə-
193 negligent *čaɣal’-/*čaŋqəl’-
194 capricious; flirt; whimsical; envious *čaːɣər-
195 snack; stand; tea *čaj
196 kettle; pot *čajnik
197 heritage *čaj-
198 bird: gull čajka
199 break; calendar; cheerful; dawn; day; during; early; every; February; light; lighten; midday; nod; shine; sign; South; star; today; transparent *čajlə
200 antler; gesture; sign; tree *čajliː
201 bird: bullfinch *čajsilə
202 brown; reindeer *čaːl’-
203 hang *čale-
204 fog; mist *čamč’ə
205 oar; row *čamč’ə/*čamjə
206 decorate; tin *čampuː
208 sneeze *čaŋ-
209 wolverine *čaŋ- ?
210 care; defend; grieve; help; pity; protect; sorry *čaŋa-/*čoŋo-
211 disappear; echo; push; sound *čanč’-
212 big; brother; elder *čanmə 1
213 back *čanmə 2
214 shed *čanmijə
215 dirty; grease; knock; ledum; meet; moor; move; paint; recoil; red; roll; rub; soil; touch; tree: alder; tree: willow; visit *čaŋq-
216 ankle; bone; chin; cord; foot; heel; leg; marrow; muscle; shin; sinew; skin; spot; thigh; haunch; turn; vertebrae; work *čaŋq-/*čoŋq-
217 abuse; breathe; crave; dash; despair; difficulty; fail; marry; meet; poke; river; rush; unable; unbearable; up; uphill *čant-
218 badly; poorly; improperly *čaŋut
220 INTJ (damnǃ); Tungus *čaqan-
221 cold; eat; fish; freeze; frost; ŋovember; snow-crust; spring *čaːqə
222 back; inside out *čaːqəðə/*čaːqəntə
223 adroit; craft; craftsman; ladybird; master; skillful; worker čaqti
224 choke *čara-/*čaða-
225 regards *čarariːl/*čaðaðiːl/*čaðariːl/*čaraðiːl
227 bend; curve; stumble; twist; zigzag *čarqə-
228 bowl; cup; mug čaša
229 bowl; cloth; cup; glass; hook; saucer; sledge čaška
230 disease; joint *čaːtikaː
231 poor *čaw-1
232 arrow; quiver *čaw-2
233 frighten *čaw-3
234 champ; gurgle; loud; low; quiet *čaw-4
235 snow; hoar-frost; snow-drift; snow-frost; spring *čawa/*čowo
237 sinew *čeː
238 flash; gleam *čeče-
239 bird: kite *čeɣen/*čeŋkən
240 deep; depth; low *čeɣinmə
241 bird: eagle *čejeŋ
242 close; far; long; move; old *čejl-
243 purpose *čejnč’eː
244 trill *čejnt-
245 cold; cool; frost; winter *čel-
246 sob *čel’-
247 avoid; experience; force; suffer *čel-
248 end; ready *čeme-
249 artery; blood; soup; vein *čeːmə
251 fly; frighten; rush *čen-
252 pull; push *čenč’-
253 cheerful; dress; gaiety; interesting; joke; mock; nice; rest; sympathise *čeńe-
254 ask *čeːneː-
255 beautiful; quiet; tender; calm; kind *čeŋt-
256 tree: bird-cherry čerëmuxa
257 across; unmercifully čerez
259 trap čerken
262 honour čest’
263 quarter četvert’
264 tundra; valley *čew-/*čemp-
265 finish *čewes-/*čempəs-
266 bag; pocket *čiː 1
267 crowd; people *čiː 2
268 fish: eel *čičeri
269 squirrel čiːdaɣa
270 ill; limp *čiɣir-/*čiŋkir-
271 sorrow *čikam- ?
272 home *čil’-
273 bedding; bough; branch; fuel; needle; pine-cone *čilkə
275 chin; lip; cheek *čimeː
276 horsehair *čiːmə
278 rank čin
280 boot; calf; muscle *činč’ə 1
281 coat; piece *činč’ə 2
282 bird: lark; bird: snipe *čindi
283 beam; cut; inclined; pole; put; snag; tree *čine-
284 dark; late; night *čiŋičə-
285 mouse *činipəndə
286 arbalest; cock; flea; jump; shoot; spray; trigger *čirčə-
287 die; drill; drown; extinguish; low; painful; plummet; sink; slide; take *čire-
288 bird; egg; pr. (a man) *čiremə-/*čiðemə-
289 all; entirely; clean; finish; root out čisto
290 along; bed; catch; duration; file; fish: whitefish; lengthen; long; narrow; penis; sea-horse; short; snake; straighten; stretch *čite-
291 snow *čiw
292 bird: hazel-hen čiž
294 pit; pole *čoː 1
295 boiler; chain-mail; frying-pan; gun; iron; metal; lock; muzzle; pincers; pulse; spray *čoː 2
296 INTJ (approve); approval *čoː 3
297 ago; already; always; ancient; April; decay; decrepit; far; great-grandfather; greedy; ogre; old; olden; tale *čöː
298 spring *čoːɣəj-/*čoŋqəj-
299 infect *čoɣ-/*čoŋq-
300 across; bird: hawk; bird: owl; blade; break; butt; carry; cross; cut; divide; go; ill; jerk; knife; meat; mince; net; precipice; raft; riverbank; separate; sheath; stone; underwear; wall *čoɣo-
301 care; own *čoɣo-/*čoŋqə-
302 fur *čoɣurčə/*čoŋqurčə
303 stone *čoɣuriː/*čoŋquriː/*čoɣuðiː/*čoŋquðiː
304 neat; separate; tie *čoɣut-/*čoŋqut-
305 hill; oblique *čoːjə
306 bird: godwit čökčöŋe
307 absolutely *čökoːju
309 add; cut; join; put; waist; whole *čolo-
310 accidentally *čoloːlək
311 ice-hole; move; push; spike; stir *čolqə
312 berry: currants; bird: hawk; hare *čolqərə
313 aorta; aunt; beat; berry: cloudberry; big; bird: raven; bird: swan; brother; cousin; elk; feed; firm; fish: sheefish; for; great-grandmother; high; honour; humiliate; knife; meat; possess; prince; respect; smallpox; spoon; star; teenager; thumb; tsar; uncle; very; water-rat; will *čomo-
314 back; forest; fringe; grove; hill; hollow; leg; pit; slope; top; vertebrae *čömö-/*sömö-
315 cover *čompəčə
316 all; destroy; die; every; everybody; pretend *čömu
317 fat; frill; taste *čoŋ-
320 spend spring *čöːnəč-
321 chirp; close; comer; fast; flatten; hurry; jingle; menstruate; miser; move; narrow; path; press; quick; reindeer; sharp; sharpen; shrivel; sound; speed; stingy; thin *čöŋkə-
322 repent; sob *čoŋolə- 1
323 again *čoŋolə- 2
324 except; without *čöːnt
325 deep čopka
326 beetle *čoːqiń
327 cauldron; vessel *coqo-
328 return *čor- 1
329 fat; firm; glade; glow; hard; loud; strong; tundra *čor- 2
330 calm; quiet; slow; twinkle *čör-
331 whirlwind *čoːr/*čoːð
332 bird: goose; pr. (a lake) *čoːrqə
333 plate; dish *čorowə/*čorompə
335 bird: scoter; sea *čow-
336 arrow; spear *čowinə
337 catch *čowlə- ?
338 firm; frighten; narrow; slow; tight; tighten *čowrə-
339 light *čöːtə-
340 catch; circle *čöwöč/*čömpəč
341 body; flesh; herd; meat; relative; skin *čuː-
343 scraper čučun
344 ghost; queer čudit’
345 hiss *čuɣ-/*čuŋk-
346 beat *čuɣirə-/*čuŋkirə-/*čuɣiðə-/*čuŋkiðə-
347 jump; near; road; walk; way *čuɣö
348 chipmunk *čuɣur-
349 care; protect; save *čuːj-
350 Chukchi čukčə
351 ermine; weasel *čula-
352 twitter *čulč’ə-/*čuljə-
353 leap *čule-
354 sack čum
355 maid *čumoːjiː
356 angle; fish; rod *čumučə
357 curve; pattern; runner *čuŋðinčə
358 advise; clever; count; dream; intelligent; kind; memory; mind; mood; numerous; opinion; read; think; thought; true; wise; woman *čuŋe-
359 blow; ring; strike; whistle *čuŋk-
360 fall *čuŋnə-
361 send *čuntə-
362 narrow; point; sharp; sharpen; tree *čupo-
363 neighbour *čuːrk-
364 reindeer *čurqə
365 spit *čus-
366 dive *čuwa-
367 house; stove čuwal
368 peep *čympə-
369 merry-go-round; revolve; squeak *čyq
370 knife *čyrkə-
371 drip; drown; flee; sink; spray *čysčə-
372 purse *čywo-/*čympə- ?
373 but; still; yet daɣany
374 thank God daj-bog
376 let us davaj
379 strong; very much delbi
381 row *deːrpə-
382 however die-
384 indeed diŋneːq
385 extraordinary; miracle; odd; surprise; wonderful divo
387 bottom dničše
388 vain dobrovol’no
389 butterfly doːqal
391 board doska
392 leisure dosug
393 much do-togo
395 tease draznit’
396 shot drob’
397 if; whether duː
399 arch duga
400 fool durak
401 yes; INTJ (ohǃ) *e
402 drop; float; flow; intercourse; melt; spawn; swim; swing *eː-/*weː-
403 brother; cousin; father; uncle *ečeː
404 attack *ečkə-/*wečkə-
405 bird: bullfinch; drift; instrument; lie; melt; mosquito; pool; snow; spade; thaw; warm *eð-
406 answer; call *eð-/*ent-/*weð-/*went-
407 run *eːð-/*eːnt-/*jeːð-/*jeːnt-/*weːð-/*weːnt-
408 beat; help; path; rag; rising; step; stirrup; walk; wolf; yard *eɣ-
409 withers *eɣ-/*eŋk-
410 recover *eːɣ-/*eːŋk-/*jeːɣ-/*jeːŋk-
411 pendant *eɣńeː-/*weɣńeː- ?
413 lean *eɣuj-/*eŋkuj-
414 tired *eɣumə-/*eŋkumə-/*weɣumə-/*weŋkumə-
415 across; and; both; far; here; if; object; opposite; perhaps; really; reply; say; self; there; this; way *ej- 1
417 attack; catch; dash; drive; fall; feel; get; net; rain; shoot; take; throw *ej- 2
418 absent; be; body; die; disappear; end; grave; live; mortal; nothing *əj
419 snort *ej-/*wej-
421 bow; string *eje
422 bear; elk *eːjə/*jeːjə/*weːjə
424 cross; wade; pass *ejkir-
425 INTJ (threatening); afraid; timid; shy *ejl’ə-
426 for; pay; price *ejmə
427 stare *ejmə-/*wejmə-
429 spirit *ejnč’iː/*wejnč’iː
430 brother *ejn-/*jejn- ?
431 boat *ekč-/*wekč-
432 cousin; sister eken
433 INTJ (goodǃ); darling; wife *el- 1
434 ground; plain; reindeer; smooth; weather *el- 2
435 passage *еl’-
436 ago; bald; bare; bit; blunt; bone; boring; brave; breathe; calm; cheerful; Chukchi; clear; clearing; close; cloud; cold; deaf; delay; devil; direction; dull; dumb; empty; finger; fish: lenok; forbid; gentle; glade; hardly; healthy; hero; lack; little; miss; much; mushroom; naked; no; numerous; orphan; pale; pipistrelle; plant; poor; pregnant; quiet; safe; senseless; some; spirit; stay; stocking; undress; unknown; unload; use; weather; witty *əl
438 disappear; finish; end; lose; swallow *ele-
439 how; indeed *ele/*wele
440 try; enough *el’emtə-
441 not careful; misfire *eler-
442 child; first; while *el’i
444 healthy *elk-
446 man; person *elt-/*ilt-/*jelt- ?
447 tiring; boring; punishment *eltəl-/*weltəl-
448 pass *eluc-
449 bird: grouse; birthmark; black; blackness; cloud; dark; darken; forest; grove; island; light; moon; night; spend; surround; West *em-
450 cousin; sibling; sister; young *emč’ə/*emjə
451 girl; mother; step-mother; wife *eme-
452 suddenly; unexpectedly emiske
453 impregnate *emləkə-
454 shoulders *empə/*wempə
455 dampness *empəkeː
456 gap-toothed *emt-
457 cure emteː-
458 this *en- 1
459 ask; beg; persuade; propose; want *en- 2
460 alarm; anguish *en- 3
461 abdomen; fireplace; palate *eŋ-
462 log; pole; stump *eːn-/*jeːn-
463 alive; animal; animate; artery; careful; eat; elk; fat; favour; feed; frill; life; live; rescue; resurrect; safe; satisfy; use; ward *enc’-
465 defecate; excrement; punish; toilet *enč’ə/*jenč’ə
466 afraid; fear; frighten *enč’oː-
467 address; butterfly; mother; woman *eńe
468 reindeer eːni
470 backwards; collar; East; feather; head; hole; mane; space *eŋk-
471 too; very; INTJ (doubt) *enkə-
472 happen *enmə-/*wenmə- 1
473 attentive *enmə-/*wenmə- 2
474 boring; INTJ (boredom) *eːnpə-/*jeːnpə-
475 decorate *ensi-/*wensi-
476 burn; flare; fire; wet *ent-
477 sister-in-law; cousin's wife *eːnteː/*iːnteː
480 opposite side *eːŋum-/*jeːŋum-
481 skin; thin *enunńijə
482 cousin; grandmother; great-grandmother; ladybird; husband's elder sister; sister-in-law *epeː
483 clothing *epeː/*wepeː
484 soil; dirty; stain *epel’ə-/*wepel’ə-
485 bad; condescension; damnation; disdain; disgust; dislike; hate; humble; like; mud; soil; suspicious; syphilis; unfriendly; untidy; weight; worsen *er- 1
486 answer; invite *er- 2
487 graze; guard; hunt; hunter; secret; stockman *eːr-/*jeːr-
488 saw erbeː-
489 bird: goose; pr. (a Yukaghir clan; pr. (a female spirit) eːrbeːt
490 key *erðə
491 arrow; bird: grebe; branch; fish: whitefish; fork; frame; onion; prick; put; spread; step *ere
492 only; soon; indefinite pronominal marker *ere/*were
493 hope *eren-
494 knife *erijəč/*weriyəč
495 try; wish *erinč’-/*werinč’-
496 boot; coat; invisible; sock *eːrkərə/*jeːrkərə
498 Even *erpəjə
499 four *erpəl’/*jerpəl’ ?
500 throw *erplə/*jerplə ?
501 thunder *esmə-/*jesmə- ?
503 model marker (irrealis); possible *ət
504 twelfth *ete ?
505 winner *etem
506 ant etergen
507 INTJ (surprise); INTJ (pity) *ettoː/*ettuː
508 pr. (a woman) evdokija
509 snow *ew-
510 pr. (a man) *eweŋeː
511 aunt; cousin; sister *ewnč’oː
512 blow; snowstorm *ewnt-
513 if *ewri
514 child; presentiment *ewrin-
518 form forma
520 hatchet gatka
522 scarf gavsik
524 edge *girnaː
525 clay glina
527 year god
528 use godnyj
529 ski; voice golicy
530 bend; hump-backed; stoop gorbun
531 ermine gornostaj
532 town gorod
533 visit gostit’
534 prepare gotovit’
535 money grivna
536 governor gubernator
537 stroll guljat’
538 squeeze hirbe-
540 and i
541 bird: snow-bunting *iččiɣirok/*iččiŋkirok
542 belt *ičir
543 sometimes *iðew-/*intəw-
544 pole; saucepan iekečen/ieketen
545 seamstress; sew *iɣ-
546 belt; catch; depend; knot; loop; rope; stop; tie *iɣe-
547 boot; lace *iɣirə-/*iŋkirə-
548 cool; open *iɣit-/*iŋkit-
549 stammer *iɣn- ?
550 example; morning; stand *ije- ?
551 tree: aspen *ijerə/*ujerə
552 equally *ikin
553 blood *ikiw-
554 awful; fright; frighten; ghost *ikiwə-
555 firm; harden; hardness; strengthen; strong *ikl’ə-
556 flow; poor; shake; small; spill; sprinkle *il-
557 herdsman; insect; milk; reindeer; wood *ile
558 lean; push; stick *ile-
559 awake ile
560 argument; growl; scold *il’e-
561 air; lee; smell; wind *il’ejə
562 hiccup *ilič-
563 smile *il’imp-
564 greedy *il’k-
565 cross-bar; wedge *ilkə
566 graze; pastor; reindeer; Yakut *ilwə
567 howl *iːlwə-
568 five *im- 1
569 clutch *im- 2
570 dance *iːm-
572 boring *iːmul-
573 only *in
574 brook; source *iń-
575 afraid; aggressive; bear; frighten; scary; terrible *iŋ-
576 kiss *inč’- 1
577 directly; foresight; measure; rod; straight; try *inč’- 2
578 day; here; modern; now; today; tomorrow; yesterday *inč’- 3
579 alone *inč’eː
580 bag; motley; sew; sinew; thread *iŋč’ə-
581 raw; sap *inč’ə
582 morning *inč’iɣ-/*inč’iŋk-
583 custom *inč’ilwəj
584 sledge ineŋ(e)
585 another; apart; different; ignore; keep; separate; split; strange *iŋer
586 there *iniɣərə/*iniŋkərə
587 coat; lace *iŋl-
589 late; new; other; renew; sometimes *iŋl’ə
590 fat; thick *iŋl’ə-
591 wolverine *inmə
592 bad; evil *inni- ?
593 sleeve *innin
594 even *ińoːri
595 cousin; uncle; brother *inteː
596 allow; dangerous; forbid; INTJ (impossible!); quality; terrible *intə-
597 earthworm *intə- ?
598 besom; covering; fencing; floor; log *intələ
599 fox *intənč’ə
600 fresh *intlə- ?
601 rock *iːreː
602 gadfly irgat
603 calf *iriðeː/*irinteː
604 often; once; one; same; together; usually *irk-
605 arrow-head *irkeːnč’a
606 coat *irrenti ?
608 deep; either; road; world *iskəl’ə
609 gradual; time *iskom
610 police ispravnik
611 late; long; sometimes; tree *iːt-
612 reindeer iːteːnken
614 breast; breast-feed; broth; cream; dairy; milk; mother; nipple; nurse; smell; suck *iw- 1
615 pole; reindeer *iw- 2
616 moan *iːw-
617 beggar; bird: owl; cry *iwe-
618 fireplace; stick *iweːr
619 three; triangle *ja-
620 bark; sledge; tree: birch *jaː
621 husband; master *jaðoː
622 crook; lean; linger; staff *jaɣ-/*jaŋq-
623 body; vertebrae *jaɣa/*jaŋqə
624 son; young *jaj- ?
625 egg jajco
626 fox jájcol
628 bag; drumstick; fish: crucian carp; lake; land; noise; ring; shamanize; tambourine *jalq-
629 languid; inert; listless *jalt-
630 post jam
631 reach; source *jam-
632 arbalest *jan-
633 path *jań-
634 punish; teach; learn *jana-
635 axe *jaŋa ?
636 forget *janaspə-
637 comb; scratch; sharpen; wet; whetstone *janč-/*jonč-
638 smoke; wood *jančə ?
639 soup *jaŋlinč’ə
640 jerk; linger; miss; run; run into; push; stick; stop *janmə-
641 eat; pall *janpə-
642 walk *jaːnqə-
643 present; send; untie *jant-
644 aunt; cousin; sister *jaːnteː
645 beads; bird: loon *jantə-
646 afraid *jantə- ?
647 much *jantuqən
648 offensive *jaŋuː-
649 bird: white wagtail; herb; horse; horsemen; house; measure; mile; straw; Yakut *jaqa/*joqo
650 far; further *jaqlə-
651 sing; song *jaqtə
652 crack *jar-
653 bathe; boot; move; pull; push; root; shake; stir; stream; strike; stub; swim; swing; wade; writhe *jara- 1
654 ornament; reindeer; thread; white *jara- 2
656 satisfy *jaroːnč’ə-
657 eye; fish: whitefish; freeze; hail; ice; reindeer; snow; window; worth *jarqə
658 box jaščik
659 drive; good; honest; ridge; steer; straight; straighten *jata-
660 ŋovember *jatnə ?
661 left; South *jaw- 1
662 direction; fork; path; road; side; South *jaw- 2
663 all; completely; everything; tidy *jaw- 3
664 menstruation *jawaː ?
665 escape *jawrə-
666 pole *jawučil/*jampučil
667 angry; nerve *jawun-
668 blind; cough; tuberculosis *jeɣ-/*jeŋk-
669 abate; behind; far; further; pull; side; through; tree *jel-
670 wear *jel’-
671 boil; East; overcook; ripen; sun; sunrise; sunset; West *jeːl’ə-
672 four *jelek-
673 after; ago; far; further; opposite; Russian; tomorrow; year *jeːlkə-
674 colour; paint; reindeer *jeŋ-/*jenk-
675 husband; Yukaghir *jeńčə
676 stone *jenč’i ?
677 ghost; spirit *jeŋe
678 fire *jeŋkilə
679 appear; lightning; mark; reach; see; sign; thunder; thunderstorm; visible *jent-
680 hook; long; throw; walk *jentə
681 mix; place; plain; reindeer; shallow; shoal; substance; thin *jer-
682 cut; log *jeremə
683 load *jeremkuː
684 by *jeril’
685 disk; glass; light; sun *jerpəjə
686 bump; kill; pole; tripod *jew-
688 mane *jewulə/*jempulə
689 beetle; brain; ceiling; chief; forehead; forty; hair; head; hesitate; January; master; peak; pet; pillow; shrew-mouse; sigh; skull; somersault; spear; spoil; tipsy; top *joː
691 belt *jöː
692 echo *joː-
693 axe; chop; cut *jöː- 1
694 blink; bom; check; devil; eye; eyebrows; eyelashes; eyelid; eye pupil; ghost; haze; introduce; like; look; maybe; nose; picture; prophet; puppy; reindeer; remembrance; see; shadow; show; spectacles; spirit; tear; wink *jöː- 2
695 ass; piece; thigh-bone *joːčə
696 finish; kill *joːɣə-
697 bond; bundle; squirrel; tie; turn; wind *joðo-
698 arrow; hit; quiver; wound *joɣo-
699 flock *joɣurč’ə/*joŋqurč’ə
700 cap; mountain; peak; precipice; riverbank *joj-
701 alien; wild; wonderful *joj- ?
703 dust; hag; idol; moss; tree; woman *jollə
704 after; back; behind; finger; instead; last; leave; pass; remain; remainder; stay *jolo-
705 oblong *jömč’ə
706 around; fringe; intestine; spin; surround; turn; whirlpool *jömkə-
707 abscess; ache; bad; coffin; death; die; disease; dress; ill; illness; pain; poor; scab; sore; spirit; wound *jompə
708 notch; notice *jomtilə
709 blanket; dream; forget; sleep *joŋčə-
710 worth *joŋl-
711 energetic; strong *jöŋnə-
712 anger; angry; devil; evil; malicious *joŋo
713 accurate; collect; pack; prepare; tidy; put together *jono-
714 beak; cape; deceive; fox; kettle; nose; nostril; promontory; reindeer; snore; strangle *joŋq-
715 mow *jonr- ?
716 hat *jonur- ?
717 pr. (a place); ravine *jöŋtə-
718 hook *joːr
719 glue; vessel *joːrčiː
720 button; reindeer *joroŋqənč’ə
721 bird: tumstone *jorontaː
722 autumn; freeze; frost; ground; North; September; tundra *joːs
723 rope *joːtə-
724 fire; hill; taiga; toilet *joːwiː/*joːmpiː
725 net; pole *jöwjə
726 evening; fall; night; *jowlə
727 ask; conspicuous; know; pray; prominent; question; sorry *jowlə-
728 affection; beautiful; caress; dear; good; greetings; INTJ (poor!); love; miss; pardon; pity; reindeer; sorrow; sorry *jöwlə-
729 shoulder *jöwluɣeːl/*jöwluŋkeːl
730 back; pouch; waist *jowoɣə
731 kiss; love *juɣ-
732 cry *juɣinə- ?
733 right *juɣul-/*juŋkul-
734 excruciating; torture *juɣulwə-/*juŋkulwə-
735 far; move *juːkə
736 fish jukola
737 cunning; offend *juːlə-
738 escape *juːnə-
739 tree *juŋk-
741 burst; prick; pierce jute-
742 strong *juw- ?
743 fish; meat juxala
744 kabarga kabarga
745 bird: willow ptarmigan; cry; pr. (a man) kabeːw
746 if kaby
747 thank God! kabys’
748 rock kadaːr
749 kinship *kaɣijə/*kaŋkijə
751 pincers kalibr
752 trap kapkan
753 yurt *kaːraː
754 pencil karandaš
755 fish: crucian carp karas’
756 house karaulka
757 boat karbas
758 pocket karman
759 cards karta
760 porridge; soup kaša
762 Cossack kazak
764 each každyj
767 friend; other *keː
768 accross; between; in the middle; slot; through *keː- 1
769 mix; straighten; unbend *keː- 2
770 berry: crowberry; devil; goblin; ogre; Russian; tree: willow; wolf *keðe-
772 bring; give; news; taste *kej-
773 before; defeat; do; earlier; finger; first; foresight; forwards; front; leader; one; outstrip; overtake; sledge *keːjə
774 berry: bilberry; berry: cowberry; berry: cranberry; dry; fish; green; hot; numb; red; redden; swell; tree; wood; yellow *kejlə-
775 high; intestine; thin *kejwə-
777 darling *kekentə
778 air; ancestor; chamois; come; wade *kel- 1
779 burst; explode; jerk; pull; shoot; tug *kel- 2
780 brother-in-law; sister-in-law *kel-
781 worm *kelinč’ə
782 bored; boring; lazy *kell-
783 whim; pr. (a reindeer) *kemuɣoːr/*kemuŋkoːr
784 bear; companion; company; friend; other; sometimes; turn *kene
785 fence; hinder; obstruct; threshold; *keniwə
786 amber *kenkə
787 board; broad; broaden; spread; straighten; unroll *kenpə-
788 obstinate *kent-
789 sorry *keŋtə-
790 part *kentəjə
791 mistress *kentuː-
792 family; summer *ker-
793 bird: goose; drop; fall; moult; photograph; rush; slope; take; throw *ker-/*kir-
794 boast; praise; proudly *kerč’-/*kerj-
795 cut; piece; stick kerč’iː-
796 roam; take off * kerč’il’ə/* kerjil’ə
797 dress; fish: whitefish; scraper kerde
798 bite; brake; break; chew; chip; crumb; crumble; crush; dress; flour; small; soft; tender *kerilə-
800 far *keːrkə-
801 broom; dangle; flap; remove; sweep; swing; wave *kerpə-
802 dropsy; swell; tumour *kete-
803 reindeer ketem
804 coat; shoe; sledge *ketniː
805 beat; miss; stir *kew-
806 bring; carry; clean; go; joggle; jump; leave; let go; shake; walk *kewe-
807 jaw keweː
808 coat *kewnč’ikoː
809 thread; together; twin; two *ki-
810 plummet kibas
811 forbid; learn; study; talk into; teach *kič-
812 coat; insect; June; mosquito *kičeː/ *kučeː
813 gore; prick; stab; stick *kiɣe-/*kiŋkə-
814 no way *kijin
815 talk into kikser-
816 hound *kil- 1
817 calm *kil- 2
818 fly *kile- 1
819 vagrant; wade *kile- 2
820 fall; roll; skim *killə-
821 moss *kilpə/*kilwə
822 fight; firm; please; tighten; troops; war *kimč’ə-/*kimjə-
823 film; hide *kimer
824 hundred; nine; ten; twenty *ki(m)n-/*ku(m)n-
825 deceive; lie *kimtaː-
826 nobody; somebody; who; whose *kin
827 easy; fine; light *kinč-
828 demon; evil-spirit; soul *kinč’ə
829 languid; sleepy *kinč’il-
830 month; full moon *kininč’ə
831 fox *kinle
832 ski kiŋna
834 cinema *kino
835 disgust; drawback; dump; grudge *kiŋtə-/*keŋtə-
836 knife *kire ?
837 name; namesake *kirijə
838 show; hide *kise-/*kiče-
839 beginning; check; end; endless; finish; follow; forbid; prohibition; reach; stick; tail; till *kit-/*kič-
840 reindeer *kitčaː
841 choke; suffocate *kitńə-
842 jealous *kittə-
843 plane; shavings kiwe-
844 fontanel; frail; head; thin *kiːwə-
845 pincers klešči
846 trap kljapcy
847 lock ključ
848 book; stomach kniga
849 prince knjaz’
850 attack; chase; drive; fidgety; gallop; jump; leap; meeting; rush *köče-/*keče-
852 gather; pull; tighten *köð-
855 boy; brag; brother; cousin; drake; elder; fellow; herd; man; son; unmarried *köj
856 stump *köjk-
857 part *köjki
858 break; brittle; embroil; hole; piece; rag; rubbish; split; tear *köjlə
859 candle; fire; pollute; smoke *köjrinč’ə
860 head; skull; young *köːkə
861 hook *kökö-
862 curve kokora
863 pole kol
864 lean *köl-
865 knot; snipe *köl’-
866 ring kol’co
867 navel; umbilicus köːləkeː
868 hill; pr. (a mountain) *kölkə-
869 door post koloda
870 prick kolot’
871 nail kolotit’
872 jump *köːlp-
873 bark kolton
875 ash; brushwood; dry; tree: willow *köːma
876 skillful *köń-
877 anvil; chop; crack; cut; forge; scratch; split; take; undo *köŋ-
878 caterpillar; insect; larva; worm *könč’ə
879 dismember; hill; pr. (a mountain); pr. (evil spirit); pr. (the river Shamanixa); rub; scratch; ski; spirit; stratch; strike; uneven *könčə-
880 belt; tie *könč’ə
881 nail *köːnč’ikil’
882 larva; worm *köŋč’ilə
883 candy konfeta
884 stand still *köŋeː-
886 straighten könö
887 stone *könöńči ?
888 halo; ring *könpə
890 boring; enough; right; straight; sufficient; time *könt-
891 ash; birth; body; feeble; grave; host; human; husband; I; idol; kill; marry; oneself; own; people; person; relative; same; shadow; soul; throng *köntə
892 bury; fight; handful; judge; keep; kill; lay; lay down; lazy; lie; man; miscarriage; murder; put; shadow; shroud *köntə-
893 pole kopylo
894 bam; bury; cover *kör-
895 enclosure koral’
897 Koriak; korjak
898 run *körk-
899 scull; stem korma
900 flea *körölə
901 beads koroi’ki
902 cow; milk korova
903 myth; tale *korowoːl
904 lungs *körp-
905 fish: burbot; pr. (lake); lizard *körtl’eː
906 concave; hallow; pan; trough koryto
907 crutches kostyl’
908 dig; pit *köt- 1
909 fat; swell; thick *köt- 2
910 bring; reach *kötkə- 1
911 INTJ (how difficult!); problem; try *kötkə-2
912 ladle; scoop kovš
915 cross krest
917 crumb; crumble krošit’
918 round krugom
919 grain krupa
920 steep krutoj
921 snow *kuː ?
922 pretend kubulun-
923 pile kuča
924 ancestor; become; begin; beginning; change; do smth (INTR); family; gather; get up; great-grandfather; neat; origin; prepare; smart; tree; turn into *kuðe-
925 chatter *kuðelə-/*kuntelə-
926 intestine; liver *kuðenč’ə
927 penis; testicle *kuɣe
928 scream; shout *kuɣin- ?
929 berry; bird: cuckoo; devil; evil; ghost; gun; rabid *kuk-
930 sleeve kukatan
931 bird: Siberian jay kuːkeki
932 bag kukuːl’
933 bird: cuckoo; measure kukuška
934 sack kul’
935 hall *kuːl’ə
937 fish kulebjaka
938 boot *kulempə
939 fox *kulempəj
940 shin-bone *kul’ikaː
941 bird: common woodcock *kultərkiː
942 culture kul’tura
943 since *kumun
944 blue; day; grandfather; light; lightning; mother; rainbow; sky; sun; Universe; zenith *kunčuː
945 container; glue; glutton; stick *kune-
946 friend *kunilil
947 bare; fur; pluck; shave; tear; tousle *kunkə-
948 gadfly *kuŋkunč’eː
949 dirt; dirty; mud *kunt-
950 wood kuːntuk
951 win kuot-
952 merchant kupec
953 clutch *kur-
954 hat *kuraːtliː
955 berry: cranberry; bird: white crane; coat; snipe *kurč’ə-
956 amuse kur’ëz
957 fence; pole kureː
958 derision; zealous *kurelə-
959 appear; ask; feel; know; notch; ornament; payment; question; remember; see *kuril’
960 always kuruːk
961 overtake *kuse-
962 arrow; axe kustuk
963 cover *kuteː
964 miscarriage *kutoːj
965 grow *kuwe-
966 rust *kuwe/*kumpə
967 coat kuxljanka
968 blacksmith kuznec
969 whip kymńyː
971 cure *kyqmərə-
973 incense ladan
974 repair ladit’
975 palm ladoń
976 upper body *l’aɣ-/*l’aŋq-
978 skin *laɣal’ə-/*laŋqal’ə-
979 tedious; tiring *laɣalə-/*laŋqəl’-
980 canyon; lowland *l’aɣaw/*l’aŋqəw
981 after; back; backwards; behind; butt-stock; camp; child; early; finger; last; late; leave; left; leg; muscle; offspring; rear; remainder; rest; stay; thigh; yurt *laja-
982 bark lajat’
983 spleen *l’aːjə
984 fight; soldier; war *lajn-
986 bam; blanket; cover; pinch; platform; press; reserve; snow; throw *lalwə-
987 dog *laːmə
988 spear *lamp-
989 lamp lampa
990 after *lampəl- ?
991 bird: willow ptarmigan; coward *lampunmə
992 low *lamtə-
993 berry: bilberry; claw; puppy; ride lamut
994 run *laːn-
995 cover; smoke *lanč’-
996 autumn; bird: goose; mosquito *l’aŋčə
997 calm; gentle; slow *lanč’in-
998 disarrange; disperse; half; lie; like; rare; ruffle; scatter; separate; side; spread; towards *laŋqə-
999 bracelet; forearm; wrist *lant-
1000 far; much *lantəqun
1001 bird: northern shoveler laptaŋa
1002 anus; bird: Siberian jay; bottom; buttocks; dragon-fly; steer; tail *laq- 1
1003 lung *laq- 2
1004 also; approach; bring; come; get; reach; too; walk *l’aqa-1
1005 slope; slot *l’aqa- 2
1006 bend; elastic; fatiguing; inpatient; sickly; slow; tiring; tremble *l’ara-
1007 root; tribe *larq-
1008 ask *laːruntə-
1009 hurry; rush *las-
1010 bulge; bush; fur; hair; heap; thick *lasa-
1011 good-natured laska
1013 bird: scoter *latur
1014 alcoholic; autumn; bucket; carry; cub; drink; drunk; hole; lake; lunch; scoop; smoke; source; water *law- 1
1015 bastard; log; root; snag; trunk *law- 2
1016 beneath; down; downstream; low; ŋorth *le-
1018 approach; be; exist; have; indeed; independent; instead; life; place; what; without *l’ə-
1019 bird: European wigeon; bite; eat; feed; food; fork; glutton; hook; March; poison; restaurant; skin; spoon *leɣ-
1020 rush *leːɣə-/*leŋkə-
1021 sound *leɣur-/*leŋkur-
1022 know; nap; recall; remember; remind; riddle; understand *lej-
1023 candle; candlestick; lamp lejka
1024 medicine lekarstvo
1025 dangle; hang *l’el’-
1026 growl *lelčə-
1027 send *l’elpə-
1028 how; something; time; what; why; work *leme
1029 boss; brave; master; recovery; suitable *leml’ə
1031 tooth *lemtəčə-
1032 jump *lene-
1034 dangle; droop; flutter; hang; rag; shaggy; wave *lenm-
1035 band lenta
1037 smear *lepe- 1
1038 break; chip; tear *lepe- 2
1039 cake lepëška
1040 bleed; blood; relative; stain; stomach; vein; ventricle *lep(k)-
1041 game *lept-
1042 girl *ler-
1043 burn; touch *leːr-
1044 dog; hair; hang; low; shaggy *lerpə-/*lerbə-
1045 rag *lese-
1046 fly letat’
1047 berry; bird: lark; bowels; floor; flower; goblin; homeland; land; master; move; nature; roe; root; universe *leweː
1048 hot; summer; warm *lewej-
1049 bird: owl; hen-harrier *lewkeː
1050 if; or li(bo)
1051 reindeer *lič-
1052 age; old; pension *liɣe-/*luɣe-
1053 full (of food) *liɣíw-/*liŋkiw-
1054 fortune *liɣiwə-/*liŋkiwə-
1055 antler; fluffy; tender; soft *limpə-
1056 furuncle *limpilinč’iː
1057 mud; scum *liŋkə-
1058 apart; crumble; fall; fill *lintə-
1059 spade *liːpə
1060 fur *lir-
1061 back; band; belly; buttocks; fat; glutton; pregnant; stomach *l’ir- 1
1062 delegate; rely *l’ir- 2
1063 beetle; fever; frighten; nerve; shake; shaman; shamanize; shamanism; shiver; shudder; startle; tambourine; tremble *l’ir-/*l’er-
1064 blow; draught *l’ire-
1065 extra lišnij
1066 anvil; bare; beat; forge; hammer; keen; pierce; shave; strain; strike *l’ite-
1067 divide; separate *liːtə-
1068 light; move *l’itek-
1069 accustomed; amusement; calm; comfort; entertain; late; miss; tedious *liwe-
1070 ash; bird: owl; brushwood; chip; cut; down; fire; fire-brand; fireplace; flash; flint; intestine; kindling; log; poker; shavings; splinter; steel; stove; wood *loč-
1071 amuse; beloved; carry; competition; entertain; tun; game; joke; marriage; out; play; wedding; win *l’oːðə-
1072 down *l’oðo
1074 call; elk; food; reindeer; roar; wedding *löɣ-
1075 castrate *l’oɣ-/*l’oŋq-
1076 salt *loɣo-
1077 blood; rag; wash *loɣo-
1078 root *loɣompoːr/*loŋkəmpoːr
1079 fox *l’ökoːrə-
1080 adopt; bring up; educate; lull; step-father; step-mother; upbringing *löl-
1081 front; leg; skin; sledge; stick *lolimə
1083 boil; speak; spray *lolqə-
1084 damp; feathers; humid; moisture; shed *l’omč’ə/*lomjə
1085 boot; gusset; shank; shin *lömp-/*lump-
1086 big; fish; grow *l’öŋ- 1
1087 bell; ring; tinkle *l’öŋ- 2
1088 elk lončak
1089 wife *l’onč’uː/*l’ončuː
1090 lung *lonlə ?
1091 bored; perforated; wear *loŋnə-
1092 open *l’oqqə-
1093 bow *loŋqə ?
1094 leave; separate; skin; take away *lont-
1095 dance *loŋtə-
1097 hook; hump-backed; instrument; nose; poker; shaman *loːqə
1098 attack; quarrel *loːqə-
1099 burst; float; get better; harsh; protrude; rise; violent; walk *loqo-
1100 decrepit; difficult; suffer; unable *lог-
1101 beautiful; fur; hat; luxuriant *lör-
1103 rag loskut
1104 dirty; pr. (a woman); soil *löt-
1105 catch; trap; try lovit’, lovuška
1106 suitable lovkij
1107 drop; fall; precipice; take off *löw-
1108 look *lowiða-/*lompiða-/*lowintə-/*lompintə-
1109 catch; seine-net *lowo-/*lompə-
1110 smoke *l’öwunč’ə-/*l’öpmunč’ə-
1111 container; sack; spoon ložka
1112 bread; breath; faint; fire; flour; sand; sigh; smoke; spirit; stream *l’uː-
1113 berry: currants; crust; Russian; syphilis; vodka luːčaː
1115 kindling *lučina
1116 litter; tray *luɣur-/*luŋkur-
1117 cleft; dew; earth; flat; goddess; ground; land; low; place; source; tomb *luk-
1118 August; ball; berry: Arctic bramble; bird; bird: Baikal teal; bird: crow; bird: falcon; bird: goose; bird: snipe; child; ermine; February; lake; little; louse; measure; midge; mouse; pulse; pupil; rainbow; small; stomach; temple *l’uk-
1119 arrow; bow *luki
1120 howl *lul-
1121 ice *lunč’-
1122 cauldron; iron *lunt-
1123 askance; askew; bend; crook; limp; slanting; swing; wry *l’uːrə-
1124 awl; bore; crack; drill; hole; slot; star; understand *l’urk-
1125 kill; wound *lutoːrə-
1126 boring; disapprove; drink; drunk; fool; frill; laugh at; mad; make fun; spoil; stuff; stupid; tiring; wild *l’uw-
1127 cough *luwe-/*lumpə-
1128 blue *luwenč’ə-
1129 grasp abruptly; shake; tremble *lympə-
1130 fish: peled; pr. (a woman) *lymqə
1131 jealous *l’yːnəɣə/l’yːnəŋqə
1132 drink; rain; water *lyŋkə ?
1133 dress; INTJ (how smart!); smart *lyŋnə-
1135 eat *maː-
1136 stepmother mačexa
1137 cling; coat; hang; hem; sleeve *maɣ-
1138 dandruff *maɣ-/*maŋq-
1139 shop magazin
1141 berry: cloudberry *malč’ə/*maljə
1142 asleep; camp; doze; quiet; silence; sleep; spend; water *mal-/*mol-
1145 modal marker (agreement); modal marker (here it is; let us; however); close *maːlə
1146 amaze; both; peer; strange; surprise *maːlə- 1
1147 around; both; eight; opposite; side; six *maːlə- 2
1148 bag *mamŋə-
1150 rat *man-
1151 freeze *mań- ?
1152 protect *maːn-
1153 braid; brain; comb; hair; head; jewelry, tress *manilə/*monilə
1154 later *maqarun ?
1155 fond; happiness; happy; lucky; spirit; wish *maːr- 1
1156 turn out *maːr- 2
1157 idle; INTJ (smth desired is not available); simple *mara-
1160 bride-price; daughter; dowry; girl; lady-killer; maid; niece *marq- 1
1161 move *marq- 2
1162 once; one; only; sole; unique *maːrqə-
1163 tree: birch *marqə/*morqə
1164 bird: gull martyška
1166 car mašina
1167 grass; rag *maskən- ?
1168 butter maslo
1169 October *mat- ?
1170 beam matnja
1171 lasso; pr. (a man) maːwut
1172 dip maxat’
1173 smear mazat’
1174 wait *meː-
1175 careless; here; more; ready; recent; similar; soon; speak *mə
1176 copper med’
1177 careless; feel; hear; hearing; inform; learn; listen; loud; news; noise; smell; taste; touch; try; visit; wake *með-
1178 stone *meːð ?
1179 soon *meðiá
1180 linger medlit’
1181 man *meɣečə/*meŋkəčə
1183 ask; handle; lasso; marriage; take *mej-
1184 prickly; splinter; thorn; wavy *mejðuwə/*mejðumpə/*mejntuwə/*mejntumpə
1185 care; dangerous; INTJ (sorrow); not to hope; passion; protect *mejl-
1186 elk; reindeer *mejl’inč’a
1187 far; near; recent; soon; till; up to *meːkə
1188 bone; breast; decoration *mel-
1189 without teeth; without tooth meleku
1190 blaze; flame; shavings *memčə-
1191 pitted; speckled *memč’ə-
1192 cook; give; prepare *memðə-
1193 bear; grass *meː(meː)
1194 go; modal marker (obligation); prepare; show; stretch *mempə-
1195 awake; foresight; hear; news *men-
1196 enter; parents *menč’-
1197 bom; carry; fetch; grasp; handle; homeland; propose; seize; take; trade *menč’-/*minč’-
1198 file; prickle; sharpen *menčə-
1199 sledge; strap; bad voice *meːnč’iː
1200 till *menemeː
1201 better; enough *meːńɣəń-
1203 I menja
1204 exchange menjat’
1205 fathom; measure *menjə
1206 excrescence; growth *meńkə
1207 rough *menkunčə-
1208 frighten; jump; stamp *menmə-
1209 flit; flutter; fly *mere-
1210 drive off; keep off *meːrə-
1211 melt; thaw; warm *merel-
1212 visit *merenč’ə-
1213 cartridge; charge; measure merka
1214 rough; horny *merkumə-
1215 fire *meruː
1216 disturb mešat’
1217 linger meškat’
1218 smear; sweep mesti
1219 place mesto
1220 inform *met-
1221 choke; confess; coquettish; cover; dry; go down; I; kill; lean; linger; mad; ready; reflexive marker; repent; skinny *mət
1223 according; along; on *miːðə/*mintə
1224 moss; needle *miðenč’ə
1225 close; here; naive; near; recover *miɣe-/*meɣe-
1226 Saint ŋicholass' day; May mikola
1227 right *miːlə
1228 front; near; reach; side; this *miːlkə-
1229 hare milúte-
1230 antler *mim-
1231 blood *minčə/*minč’ə
1232 modal marker (maybe, possibly); you know; you see *minč’ək
1233 anew; fresh; new; pr. (a river) *minč’ərpə-
1234 float; raft mino
1236 marry; wife *mirijə
1237 bear miška
1238 we *mit
1239 knife *miwe ?
1240 custom; end; prepare; root; similarity *miːwə/*mimpə/*meːwə/*mempə
1241 INTJ (hearing a suspicious noise); surprise *moː
1242 belly; stomach *moč-
1245 keep *moɣ-/*moŋq- 1
1246 coat; dandruff; dog; down; hair *moɣ-/*moŋq- 2
1247 adult; old *möːɣə-/*möŋkə-
1248 earflap; face; front; hat; marry (INTR); peak; trimming; woman *moɣo
1249 beam; bitch; boss; eye; handle; hold; keep; magic; master; nail; notch; obstacle; possess; reindeer; stroke; touch; wife *moj- 1
1250 blend; confuse; fuss; grease; hold; knead; mix; muddle; smear; splash; tangle; upset; wipe *moj- 2
1251 flabby; soft; soften; walk; work *moja-
1252 dead body *mojo-
1253 body; bosom; groin; lace; trunk *mol- 1
1254 pus; rot; skin; spoilt (INTR) *mol- 2
1255 almost; little; means; modal marker (by no means); nearly; only; seem; short; vain *mol- 3
1256 champ; chat; mumble *molč’ə-/*moljə-
1257 gadfly; reindeer *moll’ə
1258 moan *mollə-
1259 row *mol’l’ə-/*mol’o-
1260 choke; suffocate *mollinč’ər-
1261 glove; mitten *molonč’ə
1263 cord; eight; entrails; generation; hollow; joint; knee; middle; rob; six; trick; walk *molqə
1265 intestine *moːmina
1266 milk *momo ?
1267 as if; hope (INTR); interrogative verb; legend; say *mon-
1268 child; pregnant; stomach *moń-
1269 intended; prospective marker *monč-
1270 ski; tree: poplar *monč’intiː
1271 fist; kidney *mońm-
1272 short; shorten (INTR) *monmə-
1273 wave *mońŋə- ?
1274 stone *moŋo ?
1275 moss; moufflon; pr. (a star); spectacles; spider *monoɣə
1277 female bird *moŋojiː
1278 pool; whirlpool *mońor
1279 arrow; buzz; drone; knock; lightning; noise; ring; thunder; thunderstorm *möŋör
1280 ball; hat; hill; peak; pr. (a man); reindeer *monqə
1281 net moŋqo
1282 defecate; live; move; place; put; seat; sit *monte-
1283 fish: whitefish; pr. (a place) *moːqə
1285 piece; portion; protrude; spherical *moqlə
1286 trap morda
1287 fish: minnow *morɣull’un
1288 carry; climb; dress; pull on; put on; string; thrust; wed *moro-
1289 with what *moroðə/*morontə
1290 climb; travel *morončə-
1291 landscape *morqilə
1292 bag; scrotum mošonka
1293 unbend; cut *mot-
1294 already; as early as; as late as *moti-
1295 cunning; pr. (a woman) *motuːkə
1297 all; diverse; various *mučin
1298 suffer mučit’
1299 go further; leave behind; pass by (INTR) *muðe-/*muntə-
1300 portage; pr. (a mountain) *muðunč’-/*muntunč’-
1301 wise mudryj
1302 East; hill; stone *muɣ-
1303 undress (INTR) *muɣe-/*muŋkə-
1304 yard *muɣi/*muŋki
1305 arm; finger; lip; thump *muɣö
1306 reproach *mujerə-
1307 bite off *mujiɣə-/*mujiŋkə-
1308 have difficulty; try to do (INTR) *mujlə-
1309 blunt; cut; knife; short mukti
1310 expectorate; resin; saliva; split *mull’ə
1311 bird: owl; buzz; drone; hum; mumble; mutter; propeller; weathercock *mumčə-
1312 appearance; event; manner; matter; reason; story; way *mump-
1313 blunt; cut off; incomplete; reindeer; sharp; short *mumpə-
1314 clever; soft; untempered; weak *muń-
1315 fish: grayling *munč’-
1316 stalk; unsteady *munč’ə-
1317 otter *munč’əŋ
1318 fish: minnow munda
1319 cheek; chew; eat; inlay; jaw; pr. (a man); work *munenčiː
1320 fetch; pick up *munt-
1321 carry; drag; last; year *munte-
1322 burst; cut off; pole *mur-
1323 boot; moss; put on; rope; shoe; stocking *mure
1324 diverge *mure-
1325 taiga; thicket *murɣə
1326 horse muren
1327 hard; imitation; modal marker (neglect); pretend *mut-
1328 tree *mut ?
1329 turbid mutnyj
1330 churn; shake up mutovka
1331 bag *muttiː
1332 museum muzej
1333 caravan; March; nomadise; ride; roam; train; walk; wander *myðo-
1334 bow *mygam/*myŋqəm ?
1335 start; take; understand *mym-
1336 bird: owl myšelovka
1337 brother; brother-in-law; daughter-in-law; lover; parent-in-law; sister-in-law; son-in-law; wife *ńaː-/*ńaj-
1338 boat naboj
1339 time na-čas
1340 against; back; bird: tern; bird: willow ptarmigan; bow; chamois; chin; complain; contradict; cross; elk; face; fish: burbot; fish: goby fish; flat; greet; handsome; head; image; kerchief; linen; mask; meet; mirror; opposite; pale; part; pit; pray; return (INTR); steep; thread; towel; trick; veil *ńaːčə
1341 blade; dart; fall; javelin; pierce; point; sharp; stick; stingy; thrust; whet *ńaːčə-
1342 begin načinat’
1343 enough; nothing left; that's all *ńaːð-/*ńaːnt-
1344 autumn *ńaːðə
1345 hope nadejat’sja
1346 must; need; ought to; tribute; urinate nado
1347 medicine; need; remedy nadobno
1348 lack; left; like; more; overpower; prefer; resembling; spare; superfluous; unnecessary *ńaj-/*ńan-
1349 elk *ńajmə- ?
1350 agreeable; best; nice *ńajntə-
1351 too; very nahaː
1352 anvil *nakoval’nja
1353 rub; wear *ńal’-
1354 midge ńalaɣaj
1355 bird: goose; duck ńaːlgačaːn
1356 stream *nalič’ə ?
1357 sin *ńall’ə
1358 autumn; winter *nallə ?
1359 wide *ńamnə-
1360 ajar; INTJ (how widelyǃ); open; swing *ńampə-
1361 dirty; foam; thaw *nampur
1362 champ *ńamqə-
1363 berry: bilberry; blush; gold; red; reindeer *ńamučə-
1364 chest; cloth; collar-bow; pit; pocket; rest; skin; strap *naːn
1365 fall unwell; fat; INTJ (how tastyǃ); luscious; oil; overeat; sickly; taste *ńan- 1
1366 big; excess; great; increase; more *ńan- 2
1367 devil; ghost; mistake; ritual; sin; speak *ńań-
1368 put *ńańajði-/*ńeńajnt-
1369 press *ńanč’-
1370 arch; basket; bird: yellow-breasted bunting; bud; bush; elk; hare; headland; net; shrub; thicket; tree: willow; twig *ńanmə
1371 face *naŋo- ?
1372 on purpose *ńanqəmu
1373 fox *ńantim- ?
1374 always; apart; especially *naːr
1375 patch *ńaːr
1377 beam; hollow naːrba
1378 bad; buttocks; deteriorate; nasty; shaggy; sorrow; spoil; stink; thin; vagina; vodka; wine *ńaːrčə
1379 castrate naːraː
1380 back; erect; hang; jerk; lean; lie; lift; lowering; sag; tumed-up *ńarpə-
1381 coat; foal; reindeer *ńarqə
1382 sledge narta
1383 hardly nasilu
1384 through naskvoz’
1386 back; column; December; fish: burbot; hair; January; midwife; navel; ridge; stick *ńatńə-
1387 weak *naːw-
1388 beautiful; bird: bullfinch; board; clay; fox; hunt; light; milt; reindeer; stick; white; whiten *ńaːwə-
1389 string *ńawńeːkəj ?
1390 peak; pull *nawyska
1391 gland *ńeː- 1
1392 agreement; ask; beg; call; say; speak; story; talk; tell *ńeː- 2
1393 age; appointment; argument; attack; bag; between; bird: reeve; boa; both; brother; buy; compete; competition; customer; do; double; enemy; exchange; five; flow; friend; husband; identical; jumble; lawsuit; leave; like; line; live; meet; nine; put; reciprocal marker; reconcile; reindeer; relative; respect; row; scarf; shy; sibling; side; sister; six; squint; to and fro; together; uncle; underwear; vengeance; wife; year *ńə- 1
1394 empty; no one; negative pronominal marker; nothing; nowhere; stand; strange; terrible; uneven; unequal *ńə- 2
1396 coal; flame *ńeðonə- ?
1397 week nedelja
1398 dark; light; twilight *nejɣumə/*nejɣŋkumə
1399 cloud *nejin
1400 hammer *ńekijoːq
1401 lick *ńel-
1402 feed; present *neleča
1404 fringe *nellijə
1405 apron; cloth *ńelpə
1406 cut hair; shave; skin; work *ńelpə-
1409 hare *ńeːmə ?
1410 dumb *nemoj
1411 dusky; gloomy; purulent *ńemučə-
1412 exhaust; weak *ńeŋanč’ə-
1413 bite; gnaw *nenč-
1414 plain *ńenč’ə-
1415 die; diminish; fall; finish (INTR) *ńeńe-
1416 always; yesterday *neŋkenčə-
1417 stomach; tassel *nenkilə
1418 flirt *ńenm-
1419 as if *ńeńoːðə/*ńeńoːntə
1420 amuse *nenunč’ə-
1421 darling; little *neppə-
1422 certain; sure *nepremenno
1423 ache; bite; separate *ner-
1424 clothes; peel; rag *ńeːr
1425 four *ŋəra’-q
1426 fish *nerčaː
1427 tool *ńerčə
1428 bare; beat; emaciate; exhaust; faint; lean; strike; thin *nere-
1429 hill; pr. (a place) *nerilə
1430 dusky; gloomy; shadow *ńerkumə
1431 seal nerpa
1432 world *ńerpə-
1433 fox; hunt; wolverine *ńetl’ə
1434 really neušto
1435 frighten; horrify; hysterics; nerve; startle; terrify *newrə-
1436 spring ńewta
1437 antler *ńeːwut/*ńeːmpu
1438 fire; warm *ńiɣ-/*ńiŋk- 1
1439 bend; close; let close; shake; snow; stoop; walk *ńiɣ-/*ńiŋk- 2
1440 heavy *niɣej-/*niŋkəj-
1441 curtain *niɣiriː/*niŋkiriː
1442 nobody *ńil-
1443 breath; seek; tend *ńilč’-/*ńilj-
1444 skin *ńile-
1445 INTJ (about a smiling person); smile *ńiliw-
1446 fly; larva; maggot; louse; nit *nillə
1447 deplore; moan; mourn *nillə-
1448 board nimba
1449 patch *ńimč’ə-
1450 ceiling; chamois; covering; dwelling; family; fire; fringe; host; house; housewife; hunt; live; log; marry; master; mist; noise; owner; pitch; pole; roof; settle; sledge; street; yard; yurt *nime
1451 cloth *nime-
1452 aunt; cousin; mix; orphan *niːmə
1453 extinguish; go out; put out *ńimeː-
1454 clerk; design; desk; file; ink; letter; ornament; pattern; secretary; surname; write; writer *nimelə
1455 bile; stomach *nimenč’-
1456 fontanel; shadow; skin ńiːmet
1457 straits *ńimoːjə
1458 furuncle *nimpilinč’iː
1459 apron; bag; belt; blank; breast; caviar; child; cloth; decoration; entrails; fur; gird; heart; kind; middle; moan; opposite; roe; soul; stomach; stripe; tassel; uterial; vomit; worry *niŋ-
1460 smooth; stroke *ńinč’-
1461 push *niŋe-
1462 city; herd; increase; many; much; we *ninkə-
1463 autumn *ńińonč’ə
1464 what *nintə-
1465 human; man *nirčə
1466 stick *nite-
1467 different *niw-
1468 swamp njaša
1469 riddle ŋenuken
1470 see *noː- 1
1471 clean; scrape; scratch; snuff; sweep; yurt *noː- 2
1472 belt; braid; hide; rope; spin; twist; weave *ńoː-
1473 laugh; smile *nöː-
1474 sledge *nobоkə-/*nompəkə- ?
1475 expense *nočoč-
1476 push *nočqə-
1477 tea-pot ńöčeruk
1478 descendant *ńoːð-/*ńoːnt-
1479 two-fold; two-layer; mixture; pass *ńontə-
1480 assistant; graze; guard; guest; keep; observe; servant; visitor *noɣ-
1481 bundle; lasso; sledge; string; thimble *noɣ-/*noŋq-
1482 fish: salmon *noɣeː/*noŋqeː
1483 reindeer; rope; stick *ńoːɣə/*ńoŋqə
1484 belt *nöɣijə/*nöŋkijə-
1485 bed; curve; pillow; pillowcase; rug; wedge *noɣo-/*noŋqə-
1486 bird: loon; foot; leg; marrow; rope; shin; skin; tip *noj-
1487 liquid; mash; mess; pulp *ńoj-
1488 horse-tail; pr. (a lake) *ńoːjə
1489 sag *ńojoɣə-/*ńojoŋkə-
1490 bird: willow ptarmigan; tree: poplar *nol-
1491 bird: duck *ńolo-
1492 antler; bird: goose; bird: northern pintail; bird: swan; human (in folklore); instrument; man (in folklore); neck; obstinate; scarf; stubborn; vertebrae *ńom-
1493 belt; catch; cover; fish; freeze; narrow; pinch; place; press; sack; squeeze; strong; tighten *ńöm-
1495 different *nomoð-/*nomont-
1496 trot *ńomtə-
1497 arrow; bow *non-
1498 blue; green *ńoŋ-
1499 exhaust; quiet; slow; weak *nončə-
1500 chamois; curtain; leather *ńonč’ə-
1501 fish *ńonč’ijə
1502 fringe; pr. (a man) *ńoːnč’ijə
1503 butt log; handle; shaft; thorn *nono
1504 loop; put; snare; trap *nono-
1505 leg *nono ?
1506 what for; why *noŋoːn
1507 sideways *ńonoːrə-
1508 catch *nonont-
1509 bend; hump-backed; stoop *nonq-
1510 pipe; smoke; tobacco *nonqə
1511 ash; dust; sand; smoke; stir *noŋqə
1512 bird; bird: duck; bird: owl; egg; pr. (a river); reindeer; shell; tax; wolf *nontə
1513 drag; trail *nontə-
1514 free; pull; stick; tear off; unstuck *ńoqo-
1515 rush; Russian; sable *noqsə
1516 pick *nör-
1517 stick *noːrə
1518 knife *ńoːriɣill’ə/*ńoːriŋkill’ə
1519 reindeer ńoːrkan
1520 brushwood; crack; crunch; gnaw; notch; rough; twig *nörkə-
1521 skin *ńorńik
1522 burst; crack; creak; squeak *noro-
1523 hill *ńoro
1524 copper; INTJ (how yellow!); yellow; yolk *ńoro- 1
1525 berry: cloudberry; bird: snipe; friable; lake; lichen; moss; pasture; pool; snipe; swamp *ńoro- 2
1526 budge; crook; curl; grip; irritate; irritation; jerk; rub; show up; twist; wrinkle *norqə-
1527 reindeer *ńorqoːjə
1528 accurate; beautiful; diligent; smart *not-
1529 frown; mean; tree: willow; ugly; unprepossessing; vertebrae *notnə-
1530 fork *ńoːw- ?
1531 scissors nožnicy
1532 name *ńuː
1533 fight; find; kill; meeting *nuɣ-
1534 day; light; morning *nuɣ- ?
1535 bind; wrap *ńuɣe-/*ńuŋkə-
1536 half-brothers *ńuɣeː-/*ńuŋkeː-
1537 become; behave; make; place; put; rob; take *nuɣö-/*nuŋkə-
1538 apron; cloth; fur; rib; side; thigh; wall *ńuɣörə/*ńuŋkərə
1539 stagger *ńuːjə-
1540 crowd; pack *nulińčə
1541 always; before; constantly; last; long since; nothing *num-
1542 nomadize; overdo; stop; suffer; torture; vanish *ńum-
1543 beard; chin; eyebrow; fish: salmon; jaw; protect *ńumč’ə
1544 everything; whole *ńumčə-
1545 ford; shallow; shoal *ńumð-
1546 pity *numt-
1547 gall; salt; sour; vodka *ńumunč’-
1548 axe; butt *ńumunč’iː
1549 saddle-bag *ńumur-
1550 fish: sheefish; pr. (the river Rassoxa); pr. (Yukaghir Uškan clan) *nunkə
1551 arm; armful; bracelet; elbow; hand; sleeve *ńuŋkən/*ńuŋen
1552 child; coffin; double; dream (INTR); kingdom; larch; reindeer *nuŋn-/*ńuŋn-
1553 skin; thick *nunńə-
1554 bird: cormorant *nuːnqi
1555 emit *ńuŋurə-
1556 put; setup *nuse-
1557 root *nuːwə
1558 need; poor nužno
1560 fall off; rot *ńyl-/*ńil-
1561 weapon *nyma
1562 competition; fight; push *nyŋ-
1563 head *nyna-?
1564 ajar; grin; growl; howl; squeal *nynčə-
1565 destroy; finish; melt; spend *ńynč’ə-
1566 different; various *ńyŋo-
1567 drop; fall; fall down; kill; knock down *ńyŋq-
1568 snow *nypor
1569 vomit *ńyr- 1
1570 separate *ńyr- 2
1571 not to give up (INTR) *nywa-
1572 bench; coffin; pack; platform; shed *nywojə
1573 change *nywolə- ?
1575 trousers; underpants *oː
1576 laddle; scoop *oː-
1577 bird: goose; birth; bom; child; cradle; deliver; egg; female; fondle; godfather; gossip; grandchild; moss; nestling; placenta; uterus; wood; young; youth *öː
1579 coat obuka
1580 alternate; change *oð-/*ont-
1581 frost; hoary *oːðə
1582 however odnako
1583 vessel oččə/*otčə/*otjə
1584 glasses očki
1585 day after tomorrow *očojə
1586 groove *oɣ-/*oŋq-
1587 jut; look; peep; peer *öɣe-/*öŋkə
1588 guard *oɣo-/*oŋqə-
1590 walk *oɣorə-/*oŋqərə-
1591 spine *öɣur
1592 aspen; boot; fish: grayling; foot; fortress; leather; leg; ruff; shoe; ski; sole; stocking; tree: poplar *öɣur
1593 arrow; back; fork; hook *oɣunpə/*oŋqunpə/*oɣunwə/*oŋqunwə
1594 angry; bark (INTR); foresee; ill *oj- 1
1595 leave *oj- 2
1596 ice-hole; pr. (a Yukaghir clan); pr. (the river Omulëvka) ojbon
1597 elbow; fish: sturgeon; leech; March; penis; pierce; point; reduce; sharp; sharpen *öjčə
1598 ice-hole; riverbank *ojðəɣə/*ojntəɣə/*ojðəŋə/*ojntəŋqə
1599 father *oːjə ?
1600 berry; hare; pr. (a star) *öjeɣə/*öjeŋkə
1601 bless *ojmin ?
1603 February *ojput- ?
1604 game *öjuŋeː
1605 bone; burst; channel; drill; hat; hole; pierce *ök-
1606 disorder *ökičə- ?
1608 window okno
1610 yes *ökt ?
1611 fish: perch okuń
1612 chip; stick; tree: larch *оl’- 1
1613 disjoin; edge; part; share; vertebrae *ol’- 2
1614 barrier; edge; fencing; frame; jamb; past *öːl
1615 boat; pr. (a hill); tomb *ölč’ə
1616 bum *oːlə- ?
1617 careful; know; mad; no use; nothing; say; see; somehow; something; stupid; vain *ölem
1618 cauldron; shovel olguj/algyj
1619 lazy öline
1620 circle *oːliw-
1621 period; run *ölkə-
1622 stick *olloːjə
1623 always; completely; indifferent; just; placid; very; without purpose *olmən
1624 cut *ol’o-
1625 steal; take; thief *olo-
1626 cry *olo-/*jolo- ?
1627 bone; fin; fish; ladle; lake *ol’oɣə
1628 lazy *olonč-
1629 tin olovo
1630 mistress; prostitute *olpəl’ə/*olwəl’ə
1631 shavings; stick; tree *olput/*olwut
1632 basis; fair; not; quite; smooth; straight *olq-
1633 cripple; hardly; limp; little *olqə-
1634 abate; calm down; settle; small *olqaj-
1635 crack; split (INTR) *olt-
1636 understand; realise *oltič-
1637 male *olujərqə
1639 saddle; skin; strap *ömkə 1
1640 colour *ömkə 2
1641 bitch *omnuɣə/*omnuŋkə
1642 alien; ancient; old; people; tribe *omo
1643 accurate; better; care; correct; cure; dare; doctor; gain; get on; good; healthy; leather; like; love; medicine; mill; nice; reconcile; safe; skin; smell; soft; strengthen; treat; well; wish *omo-
1644 lose *omoɣə-/*omoŋkə- ?
1645 ashamed; embarrass; modest; right; shame; shy; uncomfortable; unsuitable *omol-
1646 at once; hurry; immediate; quick; soon *omt-
1647 bad language *ömtə-
1648 fish: Arctic cisco omul’
1649 crack; glue; hole; top; tube *oń-
1650 inherit; inheritance *on-?
1651 alike; bag; between; collect; fit; fool; harness; harvest; hope; mouthpiece; pursue; put; put on; sack; sheath; under; wear *oŋ- 1
1652 reindeer *oŋ- 2
1653 among; between; go walking; interval; split; under; walk *oŋ- 3
1654 divide; each; every; night; one *ön- 1
1655 channel; middle; pool; river; riverbank; river-bed; river-mouth; stream; whirlpool *ön-2
1656 male bird; October; reindeer; stallion; testicle *ön-3
1657 claw; disease; hoof; hooves; nail; skin *önč’-
1658 damp; dew; drench; drop; frost; juice; moss; wet *onč’ə
1659 bird: duck; drink; pour; sing; smoke; thirst; walrus; water *ončə-
1660 go down; month; slope *öŋčə-
1661 clay; earth; flour; ground; mound; pr. (a lake) sand *öninč’ə
1662 fringe *önč’in-
1663 satisfy *onč’itə-
1664 long time *onimə- ?
1665 ask; inform; news; will *oːnjə
1666 bay; breakfast; camp; cloud; get up; keep; lift; morning; opposite; preserve; protrude; put; rag; raise; rein; stand; stand up; step; stick; stirrup; tomorrow; trample; trap; woman; yard; yesterday; yurt *öŋkə- 1
1667 eat; feed *öŋkə- 2
1668 antler; bone; butt; elk; horn; reindeer; skin *önm-
1669 tree: larch; tree: willow *önmeː-
1670 attentive; consciousness; intelligent; mind; remember; wise *önmə
1672 drum; service *önmurə
1673 praise *onn-
1674 idol; shadow; silhouette *ono
1675 saw; steal; take *ono-
1676 walk *oŋo-
1677 hill; river bank *oŋö
1678 noise; sing *oŋoðə-/*oŋontə-
1679 ask; beg; desire *oŋon-
1680 door *onpə
1681 damp; drench; fish; INTJ (how damp!); raw; reindeer; tree: larch; wet *oŋq-
1682 lace *onrumujə
1683 amulet; fee; gift; pay; present *ontə
1684 bless; incantation *öntə-
1685 fish: quillback fish *onučə
1686 urinate; work *önus-/*enus-
1687 pr. (a dragon or a snake in folklore) opletaj
1688 INTJ (approval addressed to a child); ornament *opoː/*apoː
1689 black *opoj ?
1690 after; later oposlja
1691 bird: duck; pr. (a man) *oːqə
1692 defect; fault; flaw; INTJ (fear); modal marker (doubt); modal marker (mirative); something; suddenly *oqo
1693 always; everywhere; long ago; lounge oːqol’
1694 bird: Baikal teal *ог-
1695 come; go; roundabout; walk *oːr-
1696 cry; shout; wail; weep *ör-
1697 dirt; litter; mud *örč’ə/*örjə
1698 bequeath; first; indicate; mean; set; point; prescribe; reproach; show *oːrə-
1699 without a trace *oriri
1700 lynx *örkəmpə
1701 character; nature; temper *oroː-
1702 sledge *oro-
1703 widower *oro-?
1705 central; finger; front; mediocre; midday; middle; pr. (the town Srednekolymsk); time; trousers *örön-
1707 bar; bring; button; constellation; December; go up; hang; hung; November; path; pound; rack; rise; scales; tree; upwards *orpə-
1708 hardly; scarcely *orqi
1709 fish: salmon oruː
1710 bed; house orun
1711 fish osëtr
1712 smallpox ospa
1713 against *ossiń
1716 camp; fire; place *ot-
1717 unlock otpirat’
1718 try otvedat’
1719 be; believe; chamois; correct; live; maybe; mistake; promise; real; reliable; there; true; truth; tundra *öw-
1720 elk *oːwə ?
1721 berry oxta
1722 address; aunt; bride-price; cloth; cousin; daughter; dog; female; flirt; girl; reindeer; relative; sister; tree: alder; woman *paː/*paj
1723 excite; go; holiday; party *pač-
1724 awl; drill; star *paɣanč’iː/*paŋqənč’iː
1725 part; share paj
1726 beat; board; drumstick; hit; ledum; stick; strike; swing *paj-
1727 feed; taste *paj- ?
1728 foretell; prophet *paːj-
1729 cunning; odd; sly; strange; surprise *pajlə-
1730 trick pakostit’
1731 fog; wave *palaɣə- ?
1732 tent palatka
1733 knife palemka
1735 beat; bulge; stick; tinder palka
1737 itch; scratch; tickle *pančəl-
1738 bird: pochard *pančiðənlə/*pančintənlə
1739 net; scoop; seine-net *paŋq-
1740 boat; cross-piece *panq-
1741 bird: reeve; snipe *panqə
1742 chatter; flabby; loose; snort; tremble *pant- 1
1743 boil; cook; dip; eat; elect; feed; leaf; put; ready; setup; sink; tie; trap; why *pant- 2
1744 bird: common merganser *paŋtilə
1745 urinate; urine *paː(paː)
1747 button *paq-
1748 nail *paːqil’ə
1749 ancestor; basis; bottom; custom; form; load; originate *para
1751 chatter; chatty; draw; splash *parč’ə-/*porč’ə-
1752 bend; blunt; down; spread *pasal’ə-
1753 peasant pašennyj
1755 gramophone; phonograph patefon
1757 bar pazux
1758 bird: hawk; mountain; rock; stone *peː
1759 gallop; run; trot *peč-
1760 grief; grieve; sad; sorry pečal’
1761 seal pečat’
1762 send; throw; twist *peče-
1763 biscuit pečen’e
1764 white *peči-/*poči- ?
1765 cruel *peðel-/*pentəl-
1766 rob; spellbound; steal; thief *peɣ-/*peŋk-
1767 cheek *peːjə
1768 let go *pejnč’- ?
1769 agree *pejul-
1770 bone; muscle *pekč-
1771 Chukchi; enemy *peːkə ?
1772 bear; bridegroom; husband; man; marry *pel-
1773 end; enough; overtake; pass; reach *pel- 1
1774 clean; wipe *pel- 2
1777 opposite *peːleː
1778 prepare *pelem-
1779 infection *pelt-
1780 berry: Arctic bramble; blister; convex; grass; hummock; marsh; stomach *pelw-
1781 around; aside; back; circle; finish; loop; ring; roll; rouble; round; slip; slippery; slope; stitch; surround; testicle; throw; top; turn; whirligig; whirlpool *peme-
1782 lice; louse; moss; nit; small *peme/*pime
1783 around; back; behind; bring; come back; direct; extend; return; roam; splash; stretch; whirlpool *pen-
1784 fate; happy; saturate; smell; spirit *penč’ə-
1785 arm; elk; forelegs; knot; leg; marrow; shoulder; shoulder-blade *penč’ə/*pinč’ə/*pejnč’ə
1786 air *peŋe/*poŋo ?
1787 valley *peninč’ə-/*peninčə- ?
1788 stream *penjijə
1789 blurt; speak *pent-
1790 lap; lick *pent-/*peð-
1791 burn; light; roast; yellow *pentə-
1792 finger *pentičə
1793 foot; kick; knee; pole; recoil; run; stamp; toe *per-
1794 aloof; aside; INTJ (command: away!) *pere-
1795 boat; change peremenit’
1796 bandage perevjazka
1797 fin; fish; wing perja
1798 basket; bend; concave; convex; cool; curve; inactive; obstinate; stick *pese-
1799 baby; crawl *pet- 1
1800 drive; harness; rein; sledge; trot *pet- 2
1801 lump; sew; speak *pete-
1803 cradle; lull *pe(we)-
1804 bandage; entangle; rope; run; surround; wrap *piː-
1805 bird *piččiː
1806 box; hook; wart *piɣe
1807 die *piɣi- ?
1808 bird: eagle *piɣmi ?
1809 refrain *pijellaː
1810 stupid *pili- ?
1811 drizzle *pimelə-
1813 penis *pip-
1814 snipe *pipo-
1815 not enough; poor *piːrə-
1817 bird: Baikal teal *piričikeː
1818 penis piska
1819 bud; leaf; needle *piw-
1820 five pjatyj
1821 orphan; servant; slave; widow(er); worker *poː- 1
1822 comer; mound; right *poː- 1
1823 flesh *poː- 2
1824 dignity počët
1826 almost počtí
1827 fire *počurə
1828 present podarit’
1829 fast; quickly; strongly *poðon?
1830 entice; follow; jump; run; walk *pöɣ-1
1831 brother-in-law; leaf; master; parent; parent-in-law; son-in-law; widow; widower *pöɣ-2
1832 knee; kneel; knee-long *poɣo-/*poŋqə-
1833 bridle *poɣon?
1834 excrement; INTJ (go to hell!) *poɣonč’ə/*poŋqənč’ə
1836 cellar pogreb
1837 dry; fumigate; light; month; pink; white *poj- 1
1838 increase; many; much; numerous *poj- 2
1839 bridge; burden; carry; elevation; lift; stairs; step *poj- 3
1840 belt pojas
1841 cheek; dry; epidemic; tan *poːjə 1
1842 pole *poːjə 2
1843 bend; crook; turn *pojɣupə-/*pojŋkupə-
1844 carry; fall; send; slide *pojo- ?
1845 diarrhoea *pojrə
1846 air (TR); ventilate *pök-
1847 gum *pol-
1848 fur *pol’- 1
1849 bald; craft; ice-covered; riverbank; slip; slippery; smooth *pol’- 2
1850 flower; green; juniper; leaf; May *polčičə
1851 child; year *poliń
1852 putrid; rot; sour *pollə-/*ponlə-
1853 born; escape; go out; procreate; protrude; rescue; save; spread; survive; take; take off; untie *polo-
1854 bed-curtain; canopy; cover polog
1855 frill polon
1856 runner poloz’ja
1857 assistant pomošoik
1858 short; shorten *pomp-
1859 pr. (a man); spot (INTR) *pomt-
1860 bark; bright; colour; dash; day; lichen; light; lynx; moon; mountain; shine; silver; sparkle; star; tree: birch; twinkle; white; whiten; window; world *poń-
1861 abandon; example; forget; forgive; leave; put; remain *pöń-/*peń-
1862 able; be; contrary; expletive subject; happen; land; make; nominalizing marker; people; to and from; worth *pon/*pont
1863 at once; straight away; suddenly *pönč’əm-
1864 meal *pönč’ərə-
1865 stake *pöŋčiwə-/*poŋčimpə-
1866 bird: capercaillie *poŋčuwə/*poŋčumpə
1867 fat; lard *poŋičə
1868 excrescence; knob; pine-cone; plump; swell *pönkətə
1869 big; swell *pönŋ-
1870 carry; divorce (INTR); frighten; send; separate; spiteful; take *pono-
1871 bed; lay; woman *pönp-/*pönw-
1872 buy; cash-box; cashier; money; sell *poqqəntə
1874 float poplavok
1875 vulva *popo
1876 bridegroom *poqlə-
1877 boil; chatter; hiss; snore; squelch *poqsə-
1878 cheek-bone *poqtičə-
1879 care; difficult; INTJ (misery!); need; needy; opinion; painful *poːr-
1880 time pora
1881 screen; shield *poːrčeː
1882 spring; winter *poːrə
1883 inevitable; pr. (a man); without fail *poːrəmə
1884 arm; hand *pornə ?
1885 lightning; spark *рого-
1886 rope *poro-?
1887 champ *poroɣə-/*poroŋkə-
1888 envious *poronč’-
1889 snow poroša
1890 tobacco porošok
1891 powder porox
1892 bend; crook; riverbank; steep *porqə-
1893 trousers portki
1894 last poslednij
1895 bird: capercaillie; bird: grouse *posturkeː
1896 brim; fill; frill *poto-
1897 beam potolok
1899 splash; strike *pöw-/*pew-
1900 oath; swear *pöwɣijə/*pöwŋqijə
1901 drive; steer pravit’
1902 brake; sledge; stake prikol
1903 attentive primečat’
1904 hunt promyšljat’
1905 ice-hole; pr. (the river Prorva) prorub’
1906 farewell proščaj
1907 forgive prostit’
1908 guide provodnik
1910 measure pud
1911 above; attack; bird: falcon; climb; coat; cup; five; flesh; height; high; live; near; neighbour; on; outside; river; settlement; seven; shoot; South; step; surface; tall; throw; tombstone; top; twenty; up; upper; upstream; water; West; win; world *puðe
1912 bath; heat; hot; July; lair; moon; oil; radiator; rainbow; sleeve; smoulder; South; spring; summer; sun; sun-beam; swear; sweat; tea; tsar; warm *puɣö
1913 beard; elk; feather; fur; hair; knife; stocking *puɣö-
1914 reconcile *puɣö-/*puŋkə-
1915 light; lighten *puɣoč-/*puŋkəč-
1916 fly; goose *puɣučeː/*puŋkučeː
1917 blow *puj-
1918 fly; scatter; slip *puja-
1919 channel; river-bed; shrub *pujlə
1920 link; tie *pujsə-
1921 arbalest; arrow; bladder; blow; bubble; dropsy; dust; fasten; float; pour; run; shock; sweep; swell; urinate *puke-
1924 dense *pukŋ-
1925 run *puknə
1926 cartilage; fragile; fur; light; snow; soft; soften; tin; transparent; willow *pukö-
1927 break; defecate; drop; flower; go; go out; grow out; jut; keep; lean; let out; loose; plant; pull; put; tidy; toilet; unhinged *pul-
1928 rush; toss * pul’aɣə-/* pul’aŋkə-
1929 penis *puleː- ?
1930 brother; brother-in-law; cousin; husband; son-in-law *pulej
1931 do up; fasten *puličə-
1932 bandolier; bullet; shoot pulja
1933 knot; node *pulkə
1934 pour *pulkulə-
1935 hole; mumble; mutter; pierce *pultə-
1936 bird: common golden-eye *pultən-/pulkən-
1937 dog *pumpə-
1938 narrate; sound; tell *pun-
1939 kill; slaughter *puń- 1
1940 rub *puń- 2
1941 rogue *punc- ?
1942 berry; paint *punčeː
1943 glass *punčə ?
1944 bellows; forge; furnace; muzzle *puːnčiː
1945 follow; padding *pune-
1946 boil; broth; cook; soup; train *puŋe
1947 appear; eruption; rash *puŋe-
1948 beat; burst; clatter; hill; hummock; knock; pimple; sweep; thunder *punkə
1949 bird: hawk; bird: white owl *puŋkiː
1950 glad; happy; praise; thank *puŋo-
1951 sleeve *pup- 1
1952 curdle; fart *pup- 2
1953 learn; revenge; teach *pupsə-
1954 excrescence *pura-
1955 bird: jaeger *puraːqil’
1956 knot; node *purke
1957 cellar *puruː
1958 stomach *puruləɣur/*puruləŋkur
1959 more pušče
1960 empty; simple pustoj
1961 divide; half; middle; piece *put-
1962 pimple *puwuskiː/*pumpuskiː
1963 breathe; fidget; spin; twist *pyl’pə-/*pyl’wə-
1964 few; here; however; intelligible; long; much; never; nowhere; side; somewhere; what; when; where; which *qa-
1965 ring *qaː- 1
1966 trousers *qaː- 2
1967 defecate; excrement *qaː- 3
1968 bald; pr. (a man) qabata
1969 glutton qabyalaː-
1970 curve; elbow *qač-
1971 pit *qača- ?
1972 jealous *qað-/*qant-
1973 finally; modal marker (it is nice that); so *qaðič/*qantič
1974 bird: loon *qaɣeː-
1975 obsolete kinship *qaɣijə/*qaŋqijə
1976 bend *qaj- 1
1977 bear; brother; fire; grandfather *qaj- 2
1978 daughter; girl *qaj-/*qal’- ?
1979 wound *qajawə
1980 famous *qajɣəl-/*qajgqəl-
1981 ski qajsar
1982 bark; scales *qal- 1
1983 dodge; escape; let go; run *qal- 2
1985 pr. (a place); tundra *qal’ar-
1986 bum; coal; fry; roast *qaːl’ə
1987 dangerous; defend; frightful; hero; mighty; strong; terrible; wolf *qaːlə-
1989 drift; oblivion; snag *qal’l’ə
1990 talk *qalpə- ?
1991 peat; pr. (a man) *qalwiː-
1992 how many; how much *qam- 1
1993 ashamed; help; respect; servant; serve; shy; task; work *qam- 2
1994 hurt; offend *qamp-
1995 ladle qamyjaq
1996 back; disappear; hide; kill; pack; pile; protect; shadow; sight *qan-
1997 beater; chase; follow; hunter *qaŋ-
1998 bird; bird: duck; bird: eagle; egg *qań-
2000 autumn; cold; cool; temper; winter *qanč’-
2002 energetic; enough; finally; intensifying marker; now; so *qanč’ir
2003 love *qanði-/*qynði- ?
2004 present *qaŋiðə-/*qaŋintə-
2005 sure *qańinə-
2006 bridegroom; work *qanjaː-
2007 finger; palm; spirit; Yakut *qańpə
2008 pipe qansa
2009 bag *qansə- ?
2011 arm-pit *qantələ
2012 boot; lace; trousers *qantələ
2013 craw; crop *qantuː
2015 currants; dog; infection *qapńə
2016 Adam's apple; larynx *qappuː
2018 cloud; cover; skin *qaːr/*qajr
2019 deceive; lie *qarč-/*qarj-
2020 strong *qarńə-
2021 cry-baby; destroy; pr. (a man); ruin; tumble *qarp-
2022 stuff *qarpə-
2023 axe *qarqə-?
2024 divide; share *qartə- 1
2025 dig; shovel up; take down *qartə- 2
2026 butterfly *qartlinč’ə
2027 always; before; constantly; forever *qaruðu/*qaruntu
2028 bad; pity; vain qaːryan
2029 decoration *qasi ?
2030 wrestle *qat-
2031 better; here; hortative marker; utterly qata
2032 delay *qatr-
2033 queen (in card play) qatyn
2034 husband; old *qaw- ?
2035 container; pit; pr. (a river) *qawa-
2036 flower qawaw
2037 brother; cousin; grandfather; uncle; wolf *qawnč’ə
2038 hang; swing *qawur-/*qampur-
2039 appearance; boring; how; however; kind; possible; somehow; soon; sort; very; what; where; why *qo-
2042 boat; pr. (a Yukaghir clan) *qoðo-
2043 adze; dig; hole; kill; peck; pick out *qoɣ-/*qoŋq- 1
2044 hook *qoɣ-/*qoŋq- 2
2045 boil; burst; dry; explode; shoot; tree: poplar *qoːɣə-/*qoŋqə-
2046 berry; bird: raven; ledum; nest *qoɣimə
2047 cry; decrease; frill; low; utter *qoɣo-/*qoŋqə-
2048 bird; church; doctrine; God; godfather; godmother; godparents; holiday; priest; sledge; thyme *qoj-
2049 pole *qojńiː
2050 as; ear; noise; sound; speak; tinkling *qol-
2051 ladle; scoop *qolaː
2052 mirage *qolčə
2053 kill *qoːləw-
2054 change; chilly; coolness *qolim-
2055 envy *qoll-
2056 end of a spit (on a river) *qol’l’ílə
2057 immediate; OK *qollumə
2058 frown; mammoth; pr. (a river); tusk *qolq-
2059 berry: blueberry; blue; green *qomo-
2060 aloud; defeat; down; low; outer; pr. (a place); surface *qompə
2061 coat; knee-guard *qompiː-
2062 bell *qompuloːk
2063 autumn *qomtə-
2064 if *qon
2065 accompany; carry; draw; find; fit; go; guide; insist; know; nomad; road; roam; take; walk *qon-
2066 clean; light; look; shine; thin; transparent; weak *qonč’-
2067 bird: pochard *qonč-/*qoč-
2068 arm-pit; break; cavity; drill; hole; land; mountain; notch; tear *qončə
2069 rope *qonjə
2070 blanket; foot; skin *qonmə
2071 wife *qońo
2072 coating; empty; high; low; soft; thin *qoŋo-1
2073 spoon *qoŋo-2
2076 bend; bow *qonqə-
2077 pierce *qont-
2078 double; hill; inner; low; riverbank; twirl *qontə- 1
2079 bad; lazy; sleepy; tiring; touch; unpleasant; not to want *qontə- 2
2081 completely *qontəri
2082 interrupt *qontir-
2083 hoof qoqči(n)
2084 mind *qor- ?
2085 reindeer *qoroj
2086 catch on; disturb; hook; sting; stumble *qorp-
2087 cheek; lever; move; pr. (the river Korkodon); riverbank; root; root out; stole; wind *qorqə-
2088 reindeer qos 1
2089 room qos 2
2090 scratch; wind *qos-
2091 clay *qoso ?
2092 wood *qoton-
2094 go up; jump; lift; path *quː-
2095 bird: gull *qulerqə
2096 hair; reindeer *qulu-
2097 reindeer *qundeː
2098 reindeer *quńe
2099 gull *quńoː
2101 scrape; stone *qyj- 1
2102 shy *qyj- 2
2104 plant *qylpə/*qylwə
2105 laugh *qynč’il’pə/*qynč’irwə
2106 avoid; coil; dodge; evade; threaten; twist *qynmə-
2107 choke; groan; gurgle; laugh; strangle; wheeze *qyqsə-
2108 incidentally; way *raj
2110 tree: mountain ash rjabina
2113 shabby *roːl’ə-?
2114 thicket rošča
2115 equal; flat; smooth rovnyj
2116 shirt rubaxa
2117 gun; hunt ruž’ë
2118 bark; bird: box; hawk; bulge; carpenter; chest; chock; coffin; confess; crown; cup; cut; excrescence; forefather; forest; fungus; grave; hammer; hill; hook; knife; needle; pole; sap; saw; South; squirrel; stick; town; tree; tundra; winter; yurt *saː-
2120 time saɣana
2121 plane *saɣanč’ə-/*sagqənč’ə-
2122 bench; chair; live; power; seat; sit; stool *saɣanə-/*saŋqənə-
2123 aside; side; West; yurt *saːɣər/*saŋqər
2124 across; aside; bar; breadth; coil; follow; width *saj-
2125 rock; stagger; swing *saːj-
2126 cut; plane; trim *saːjəs-
2127 seine-net *sajmə
2128 fill with; put; stuff with *sajnč-
2129 bird: eagle; bird: falconet; bird: hawk *sajrə
2130 idol šajtan
2131 shawl šal’
2132 headache *saːlič-
2134 goal; range; reason; shoot *sal’impə
2135 bee; bird: common merganser; bird: scoter; gum; honey; tooth *sal’qəriː
2136 self sam
2137 bird: hawk; board; flat; mushroom; plane; plateau; smooth; snow-flake; straighten; stretch; table; tobacco; unwind; wide; widen *sampə-
2138 cell; fish; fisherman; needle; net *sampən-
2140 husband *saːmpijə
2141 try *sampinč’-
2142 pr. (a man); tea-pot *samqəj
2143 mark; scar; split; thread; vestige; wound *samur
2144 circle; spin; stubborn *samur-
2145 most samyj
2146 bump; crack; crash; juniper; sweep *sana-
2147 moss *sana-?
2148 coat sanajaq
2149 squat *sanqə- ?
2150 fall; hit; pat; strike; tumble *sapa-
2152 stomach *saq- 1
2153 fall down (INTR); hill; pour; shin-bone; slope; spout *saq- 2
2154 dog; elk; fox; green; grey; isterus; pit; red; yellow *saqa-
2155 coil; collect; gallop; gather; lasso; lie; load; meeting; pile; place; put; roll; sit; together *saqa-/*soqo-
2156 elk *saqal’oː
2157 bird: owl; pr. (a man) *saqlə
2158 bury; cock; cover; covering; fog; kill; obtain; overtake; press; root; storm *sar-
2159 hysterics; shaman; shamanize; something *saːr
2160 barn; coffin *saːrəj
2162 boot saːry
2163 guest; wolf *sarimə
2164 comb *sarite-
2165 window *sarkə-?
2166 bird: duck; bird: grouse; wood *saːrul’ə
2168 fool saːraŋy
2169 trap *sas-
2170 able sataa-
2172 cape; promontry *saw-
2173 bare; butterfly; cloud; coat; distribute; edge; larva; rag; relative; skin; trousers *sawa
2174 clear; distribute; divide; give *sawa-
2176 chatter; crack; hollow; jabber; knock *sawɣə-/*sawŋqə-
2177 sugar saxar
2178 chess šaqmaty
2179 fish; fish: whitefish ščëkur
2180 ash ščëlox
2181 chip ščepka
2182 shavings ščëtka
2183 boot; hair; shoe ščetkari
2184 fish: pike ščuka
2185 carry; reindeer; run *seɣe-
2186 rustle *seːɣə-
2187 if *seɣereːk/*seŋkəreːk
2188 today; pr. (a woman) segodnja
2189 now sejčas
2190 follow *sejðə-/*sejntə-
2191 push *sejnč-
2192 fish: herring sel’djatka
2193 sneak *semč’-/*semj-
2194 riverbank *seme
2196 die; pr. (a river) *semnə-
2197 door; top; tray; window *semp-
2198 catch; move; reindeer; train *sempun-
2200 edge; door; hall seni
2201 log *sepinkə
2202 edge; foundation; needle; pole; stick; wall *ser-1
2203 daze; jingle; knock; noise; pile *ser- 2
2204 hail; snow *seːr-
2205 resin sera
2206 silver serebro
2207 war seriː
2208 shave *seril-
2209 growl *serk-
2210 reindeer *seːrtiː
2211 bone; collar *serpə
2212 caress; embrace; frolic; love *ses-
2213 colour *seselə
2214 grumble; scold *seskə-
2215 door; entrance; parlour; window *sespa
2217 bedding; branch; brushwood; cover; larch; needle *sew-
2218 avoid; beat; fugitive; heart; lazy; middle; pulsate; run; throb; vivid; work *sewe-
2219 eglantine; rose *sewič3/*sempičə
2220 silk šelk
2221 woollen šerstjanoj
2222 space; spit šestok
2223 adroit; beautiful; impertiment; supple škola
2224 school škola
2225 order štoby
2226 freeze; ice šuga
2227 screw šurup
2228 brook; drip; float; rain; source; stream *siː-
2229 match-maker *siɣerəčə/*siŋkərəčə
2230 force; strong sila
2231 fish: sterlet *silinilon- ?
2233 by all means; nevertheless; still sin
2234 head; thirty *sin-
2235 all the same; nevertheless sin-biːr
2236 bank; tundra *siŋ-
2237 trap *sine-
2238 stomach-ache *sińe-
2239 crust; spring *sinlə
2240 accompany; guide sird’it
2241 pass sis
2242 bird: snipe; breast; breastbone; diaphragm; reindeer *sis-
2243 long *sislə-
2245 fox sivoduška
2246 March *siwučeː-/simpučeː-
2247 cattle skot
2248 pan; pr. (a man in folklore) skovoroda
2249 serve služit’
2250 dare smelyj
2251 mild; submitted smirnyj
2252 berry: currants smorodina
2253 miss; mistake; walk *soː-
2254 berry: raspberry; dog sobaka
2256 disorder; revolt sodom
2257 foam; lichen; moss *soɣ-
2258 appendix; bring; carrry; enter; fit; inside; live; oesophagus; rouble; sack; settle; stir; suck; take *söɣ-/*seɣ-
2260 saliva; slime; spit; tasteless *söɣeː/*söŋkeː
2261 brake; close; crumple; heal; reconcile *soɣo-/*soŋqə-
2263 meat; roast; skin; smoke *soj-
2264 pebble; rock; sand; shoal; spectacles; spit; stone *söj-/*sej-
2265 black; brown; Chuvan; grey; hen-harrier; mouse; root; yellow; Yukaghir *söjl-/*sejl-/*sajl-
2267 leather *sökčiː
2268 cellar; pr. (a river); salt sol’
2269 bunch; crowd; curl; fair; gather; meeting; pack; pile; shrub; thick; together; united *sol-
2270 beat; break; burst; castrate; cripple; faint; fit; place; rough; split *söl’-/*sel’-
2271 bird: nutcracker; pine-cone; tree: cedar *söl’eː/*sel’eː
2272 make fun *solɣull-
2273 gut; intestine *solijə ?
2274 fringe *sölkil-
2275 bum; scorch *sol’l’ə-
2276 INTJ (how languid!); languid; weak *sölnə-
2277 hill; island *sölö
2278 small *sol’p-
2279 flick *solq-
2280 bird: loon; lake *sol’qə/*sal’qə
2281 hard; numb; stiff *solqə-/*sölkə-
2283 console; stop *sompəl’ə-
2284 meat *sompulqə
2285 fat; without lustre *somtilə-
2286 crush; glass; small *sončə- 1
2287 marriage; marry; moult; numb; wedding *sončə- 2
2288 skin *sončinč- ?
2289 lose; wander *soŋq-
2290 maid *soŋqə?
2291 spring *soŋqənč’il’ə
2292 except *soŋtə-
2293 chamois; lace; slipper; string; thread *soŋtə-
2295 blind; pr. (a one-eyed reindeer) *soqoːr
2296 clerk; colour; draw; embroider; flower; letter; line; notch; ornament; path; picture; sew; sinew; wrinkle; write *sörö-/*sere-
2297 man; relative *soromə
2298 choose sortirovat’
2299 white *sorunə-
2300 bend; bone *sosol-
2302 Soviet sovet
2303 entirely; wound sovsem
2304 calm; loiter; quiet *sowin/*sompin
2305 elk *sowo ?
2307 bird: swallow; martin *sowojaː
2308 thank spasibo
2311 herd stado
2312 glass stakan
2313 camp stan
2314 flint starik
2315 foreman; sergeant staršina
2316 bride; marry; wife; woman staruxa
2318 corner; wall stena
2319 hundred sto
2321 table stol
2322 pillar; pole; post stolb
2323 plane struž
2324 pestle stupa
2326 violent *suðe-/*suntə- ?
2327 busy sueta
2328 stick *suɣurə-/*suŋkurə-
2330. age; board; care; chatter; clothes; cloud; consciousness; debt; disorder; drizzle; earth; empty; event; everything; just; lie; nature; nonsense; object; ordinary; penalty; place; pr. (a female spirit); prepare; rain; sky; stretch; undress; uninhabited; universe; vagrant; vain; weather; wild; world; year suk-
2331 adroit; soft *sukm-
2332 bark *suksə
2333 city; pr. (the city Jakutsk); people *suktə
2334 suddenly *sukujimpə
2335 bridle sular
2336 stand still *sule-
2337 box; trunk sunduk
2338 bow-string; ladle; put; take; throw; walk *suŋq-
2339 disgrace; disgust; hate; shock *suŋulə-
2340 alien; carry; pierce; stranger *supe-
2341 blanket; body; colour; fat; man; skin; trousers; weight *sure
2342 hang; hold out; raise; short; sleep *susa-
2343 goblin susedka
2344 stocking sutury
2345 fat; meat *suwo-
2346 crust suxari
2347 borer sverlo
2348 lead svinec
2349 board; holy svjatoj
2350 brother-in-law; sister-in-law svojak
2351 dry; meat; rustle; shoe; thirst; unwilling *syla-
2352 squeak *sylqə-
2353 draw; pull *syn-
2354 dish; gut; reindeer *syŋaː
2355 shove *syns-
2356 nit *syraː
2357 idol *syrajkaːn
2358 squeeze *syrp-
2359 bear; finger; forefinger; gap; glove; paw; spider; thumb; thump; toe *syrq-
2360 sledge *syrqaː
2361 break; burst; crack; cut; lift; rag; ragamuffin; short; shorten; tear *sysa-
2362 gallop; try *sysqə
2363 itch; typhus *sysqə-
2364 pain *syw-
2366 after; ago; although; ancient; and; approve; as; before; but; direction; earth; enough; hortative marker; however; meanwhile; now; obviously; reason; same; so; such; that; then; there; they; this; time; why; yes *ta-
2367 tobacco tabak
2368 herd tabun
2369 tree *taɣačaː/*taŋqəčaː
2370 trivet tagan
2371 nevertheless; perhaps; vain tak
2372 unhappy talan
2373 saline *taːlə
2374 hide; shelter *talqə-
2375 call *taluːtə-
2376 dress; put on *tam-
2377 overall tambaka
2378 bone *tamnə ?
2379 fall *tańe- ?
2380 buy; commerce; debt; give; merchant; owe; pay; rich; sale; sell *tant-
2382 cockroach tarakan
2383 dish; plate tarelka
2385 dam *tattiː
2386 careless *tawr-
2388 basin taz
2389 aim *teː- 1
2390 give; show *teː- 2
2391 rope *teɣinə/*teŋkinə
2392 body *tejnə- ?
2393 squirrel *teːkə
2394 clumsy; turn *tele-
2395 dry; fish; smoke *tel-
2396 fish; meat tela
2397 dart; javelin *tela- ?
2398 belt; strap *telki ?
2399 holy *temle- ?
2400 here; local; simple; there; this; why *ten
2401 glutton; merchant; rich; wealth *tent-
2402 jump *teːnu-
2403 dirty; soil *tep-
2404 soul *tepnə ?
2405 set feet against *terin-
2406 clothes; things teril
2407 tolerate terpet’
2408 adze teslo
2409 dough testo
2410 shoot; thou *tət
2411 ago; before; early; here; lately; now; past; recent; since; that; there; this; year *ti-
2412 evening; lie; sleep; wind; yesterday *tiɣ-/*tuɣ- ?
2413 avoid; behind; exceed; overtake *tiɣe-
2414 island *tilli ?
2415 covering; pole *time
2416 sound; stamp; trample *tibe-
2417 swell *timpəčə-
2418 want *tin- ?
2420 rest *tinnə-
2421 grudge; let; stingy *tiŋnə-
2422 though; still *tit 1
2423 you *tit 2
2424 as; like; so; such *tite
2425 maintain; they *tittəl
2426 chimney; feather; needle; wing *tiw-
2427 bird: wood sandpiper *tiweːwit
2428 eye *toː ?
2429 dust toburaq
2430 bite; gadfly; gum; tooth; wasp *toð-
2431 close; lock *toɣ-
2432 scum; sweep; tea *toɣa-/*toŋqə-
2433 sledge *toɣo ?
2434 clot; deep; dense; low; thick; thicken *toɣo-/*toŋqə-
2436 supply *tol ?
2437 calm; slow *tol- 1
2438 crook; lean; staff; support *tol- 2
2439 desire *toːl-
2440 beat; hammer; knock; peck *tolč’-
2441 interpret; translate toldyčit’
2442 row *toliɣə-/* toliŋkə-
2443 stupid tolk
2444 only tol’ko
2445 arm; finger; forearm; hand; palm; present; ring; wart; wave; work *tolon-/*čolon-
2446 complete tolor-
2447 herd; hunt; reindeer *tolowə
2449 gills; glutton; hunger; larynx; necklace; starve; thirst; throat; voracious *tene-
2450 bright; light *toni ?
2451 chase; drive; follow *tono-/*toŋo-
2452 exert; storm; strength; strengthen; strong *tönpə-
2453 take töntə-
2454 catch; frill; glove; grease; stick; stuck *tont-
2457 origin tördö
2458 strap *törkiː
2459 berry: crowberry; birthmark; black; blacken; elk; pit; skin; tree: willow *toro
2464 thin *toro-/*čoro- ?
2465 marriage *torrə- ?
2466 press *totčə-
2467 close; constipation; cover; patch; pit; skin *töw-
2468 pipe; tube truba
2469 tinder trut
2470 ago; here; reason; that; this; what; why *tu-
2471 content; fill; frill; load; put; sledge; take *tuː-
2472 trumpet *tuː
2473 chance tübes-
2474 cold; control; design; he; himself; it; one; oneself; she; they; worker *tuðe/*tuntə
2475 basket tuis
2476 instrument; knock; nail; spot *tuk-
2477 whine *tukun-
2478 left; left-hander *tuluɣ-
2479 reserve; secret *tumnə-
2480 dash; fly; run in *tumpə-
2481 choke; close; cover; disturb; entrance; lock; patch; prohibit *tuŋ-
2482 ears *tunkuneː
2483 birth; content; inside; interior; return *tunt-
2484 load; loop; pull; reindeer; strap; wear *tuntə-
2486 offend; persecute *tur-
2487 trousers *tuːriː
2488 about *tusqən
2489 finish (INTR) tuttər-
2490 crush; flat; press; trample *tylpə-
2491 force; jerk; rob; save; snatch; take *tyŋa-
2492 bird; blink; December; rain *tywo
2493 fry; roast; spit; stick *uː-/*oː-
2495 reindeer uːčaq
2496 pass; way *uːčə-
2497 accustomed; always; constantly; correct; die; discover; gradual; immediately; start; train *uːðə-
2498 believe; right; stick; successfully; way *uɣ-/*uŋk- 1
2499 antler *uɣ-/*uŋk- 2
2500 coal ugol’
2501 snow *uɣuntuː-/*uŋkuntuː-
2502 airplane; approximate; bird; budge; butterfly; carry; disturb; do; fly; guide; guilt; hunt; law; marry; mischief; miss; move; naughtiness; nod; pass; prank; row; servant; tease; touch; wave; wing; work; worker *uj-
2504 beam; bedding; carry; channel; defecation; East; exit; fire; go out; grow; manage; plant; squeeze; win *uk-
2505 inject ukol
2506 change ularyj-
2507 bind; cavil; end; finish; only; thin; waste *ule- 1
2508 choke; fill; stick *ule- 2
2509 tear *ul’-
2510 flower; grass; marsh; meadow; pr. (a place of annual meetings and festivities); straw; tobacco *ul’eɣə
2511 worker ulehit
2512 foul; pus; urinate; urine *ulkə-
2513 trap *uːluː
2514 bury; close; lose; shut *um-
2516 fish: pike *umujə/*imejə
2517 almost *unč’il’/*unčil’ ?
2518 elk *uːne-
2519 deaf; ear; ear-ring; lobe; moss *unemə
2520 dew *unmur
2521 blunt; INTJ (how slow!); quite; slow *unńə-
2522 bird: stork; bird: white crane *unt-
2523 fringe upawan
2524 black; chamois *uːr- 1
2525 dip; fawn; steal *uːr- 2
2526 belief; learn; reindeer; school; student; study; teach; teacher *uːr-/*ura-
2527 yurt urasa
2528 splinter *urč’ilə
2529 or *uːri
2530 cradle; rock; swing *uːrinc’-
2531 beard; hair us
2533 coat; earth; red; yellow *uːsiː
2534 holiday uspen’e
2535 gorge *ussuː
2537 die; rest; tired; tiring *uttə-
2538 bird: reeve; low; pr. (a mountain); rock; swallow uval
2539 kiss *uw-
2540 sledge *uwo- ?
2541 wave val
2544 suddenly vdrug
2545 indeed; just ved’
2546 sky; weather vedro
2547 believe; faith; right verit’
2548 merry veselit’
2549 everywhere vezde
2550 apparently; it seems vidno
2551 fork vilka
2552 accuse; blame; fault vina
2553 vodka; wine vino
2554 gun vintovka
2555 power vlast’
2556 berry: crowberry; bird: crow vorona
2557 collar vorotnik
2558 eighth vosem’
2559 completely; deprive; die; forever; not at all vovse
2560 harness vprjagat’
2561 suddenly vrasplox
2562 time vremja
2563 nevertheless; still vsë-taki
2564 choose vybirat’
2565 to and from *waː
2567 build; do; drag; draw; extract; harness; hold; make; pull; take; tie; work *waː-/*waj-/*weː-/*wej-
2568 open; step *wača-/*wočo-
2569 courage; firm; place; skin; strengthen; strong; tight *wað-
2570 free; rest *wað-/*want-
2571 ancestor; indigenous; own *waɣa-/*waŋqə-
2572 gland *waɣanə/*waŋqənə
2573 pole *waɣarə/*waŋqərə
2574 again; also; every; more; same; soon; too; yet *waj
2575 mother *waːjə ?
2576 bird: white crane *wajl
2577 strap *wajntijə
2578 before; collaborator; company; contrary; do; friend; half; lie; near; neighbour; opponent; opposite; talk; two *waːl’
2579 conjure; invocations; magic; shaman; shamanize; swear; witchcraft *wal-/*wol-
2580 carry; keen; stubborn *wala-
2581 buy; dowry; fee; incite; match-maker; pay; price; prize *wal’a/*wol’o
2582 whirlpool *walč’- ?
2583 nine *wal’qərum-
2584 blind *walt-
2585 frog; lizard *waluntul-/*woluntul-
2586 deprive; lose; pr. (a man) *waŋ-
2587 ask; beggar; bridge; eye; eyebrows; eyelid; fat; goggles; high; inheritance; investigation; lid; look; pupil; seek; spectacles; tear *waŋ-/*woŋ-
2588 early; morning; niggard *wanc-
2589 spoon *waŋtiː
2590 barefooted; corner; edge; sharpen; sullenly *waqčə
2591 care; careful; cautious; guard; herd; nurse; obstinate; pasture *war-/*wor-
2592 wolverine *wara-
2593 tree: willow *waːrəč-
2595 adroit; clever; lively; prompt; quick *wasl’ə
2596 gore; mouth; open; tassel; trap *wat-
2597 innumerable; many; much *watčə
2598 bug; knife; Russian; thread *waːwəč
2599 caravan; carry; lead; rein; reindeer *weɣ-
2600 gallop; move; spoil; turn *wej-
2601 broaden; space; wide; widen; breadth; broad; width *wejlə-
2602 fish *wejnə ?
2603 bag-pack; catch; carry; dowry; driver; fight; lift; lead; handle; hook; load; hang; pole; scale; catch; dot; saddle; move; pack; reindeer; saddle-bag; shoulder; stick; stirrup *wele-
2604 red *welep-/*wolop- ?
2605 fellow; live; passion; promise; inspiration; enthusiasm *wenč’-
2606 another; different; echo; elk; other; outside; reindeer; side; year; otherwise; calf; unlike *went
2607 extend; lay; stretch; reach; expand; unbent; pr. (a man) *wenta-
2608 eglantine; INTJ (disapproving disorder, scattered things); prickle; wound *weːr-
2609 athlete; force; hero; INTJ (how strong!); strength; strong; tie *werwə-
2610 hair; unbraided; unbraide; untie; undo *weːta-
2611 INTJ (how stingy!); stingy *woɣ-/*woŋq-
2612 antler; bird; bird: owl; bridle; cloth; collar; direct; fabric; face; fang; forehead; halter; head; kerchief; pr. (a woman); teeth; rag; sock *woɣo
2613 stream; current; fast; float flow; log; spurt; stream *wojo-
2614 force *woːlə- ?
2615 low *wolč’-/*wolj- 1
2616 INTJ (how bitter! how sour!); sour; sting; wine *wolč’-/*wolj- 2
2617 joy; laugh *wolč’i- ?
2618 root *wonč-
2619 chatty; tongue; talk; gossip; uvula; joke; jest; lie *wonor
2620 attempt; berry; blueberry; dog; fire; house; larch; light; tree; Tungus; Yukaghir; yurt *wont-
2621 attempt; best; do; effort; fuss; negligent; stand; try; unwilling *wontur-
2622 clever; wind *wotom ?
2623 bread xleb
2625 jack; servant xolop
2626 bury xoronit’
2627 although; free-choice pronominal marke; piece xot’
2628 keep; preserve xranit’
2630 praise xvalit’
2632 see; seer; stare; watch; look; prophet *yːčə-
2633 bank; border; cut; edge; lean; riverbank; wave *yɣ-
2634 moor; push; touch; visit *yɣ-/*yŋq- 1
2635 dirt; mud; sludge; sweat *yɣ-/*yŋq- 2
2636 back; bone; waist *yɣampə/*yŋqəmpə
2637 line; open; rip up; undo *yl’-
2638 get in; load; mount; pack; reindeer; sit; train *ymo-
2639 hate *ynabə-/*ynampə-
2640 lazy; rest; tired *ynčulwə/*ynčulpə
2641 dig; grave; pit; pool *yŋer
2642 future; late; next; then; time *yntə
2644 alongside; aside; bag; crook; die; different; half; horn; pull; short-sighted; sqew-eyed; squint *yq-
2645 reindeer *yra-
2646 difficult; heavy *yral’ə-
2647 soldier; exist *ytalən ?
2648 pincers ytarča
2649 pole *ytymaːq
2650 eruption; freckle; disease; wart *ywor
2651 greedy, stingy žadnyj
2652 cock zamok
2653 patch zaplatka
2654 manager zavedujuščij
2655 greet; hello zdorowo
2656 green zelënyj
2657 bird: woodpecker, dial želna
2658 fortune-telling; lot žrebij
2659 magazine žurnal

References[edit]

  1. ^ Nikolaeva, Irina. 2006. A Historical Dictionary of Yukaghir. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
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