File:Smooth scouring rush, Equisetum laevigatum (28085432239).jpg
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Summary
DescriptionSmooth scouring rush, Equisetum laevigatum (28085432239).jpg |
smooth scouring rush, Equisetum laevigatum, California, White Mountains, Cottonwood Basin, Poison Creek, Fishlake Valley drainage, elevation 3016 m (9895 ft). The 15 or so living species of Equisetum, the scouring rushes and horsetails, are the sole remaining members of a whole class of plants (Equisetopsida) that first appears in the fossil record during the late Paleozoic Era more than 300 million years ago, and came to dominate forest understories during the age of the dinosaurs. In contrast to the great age of its lineage, Equistetum laevigatum is thought to be one of the most recently diverged species in the family, having originated sometime during the last 2.5 million years of the Quaternary period. As is true of many spore-dispersed plants, smooth scouring rush is a widespread species, covering the entire western and north-central United States and adjacent southern Canada and northern Mexico, but apparently absent from New England, the Atlantic seaboard, and the southeastern U.S. It reaches as high as 3500 meters (11500 feet) elevation, and appears to share common ancestors with certain central and south American species. The scouring rushes get their name from the hard silica that accumulates in and on the epidermal cell walls of all Horsetail Family members, and that also helps make them so visible in the fossil record. And they work! -- I have quickly scrubbed clean many a camping pot with them. |
Date | |
Source | smooth scouring rush, Equisetum laevigatum |
Author | Jim Morefield from Nevada, USA |
Camera location | 37° 30′ 54.76″ N, 118° 10′ 21.68″ W | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 37.515211; -118.172689 |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by Jim Morefield at https://flickr.com/photos/127605180@N04/28085432239 (archive). It was reviewed on 29 December 2019 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-sa-2.0. |
29 December 2019
Items portrayed in this file
depicts
some value
28 July 2016
37°30'54.760"N, 118°10'21.680"W
File history
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 03:27, 29 December 2019 | 3,648 × 2,736 (5.66 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
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Metadata
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Image title | smooth scouring rush, Equisetum laevigatum, California, White Mountains, Cottonwood Basin, Poison Creek, Fishlake Valley drainage, elevation 3016 m (9895 ft). |
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Camera manufacturer | OLYMPUS IMAGING CORP. |
Camera model | E-510 |
Author | Camera owner, James D. Morefield; Photographer, James D. Morefield; Image creator, James D. Morefield |
Exposure time | 1/500 sec (0.002) |
F Number | f/8 |
ISO speed rating | 200 |
Date and time of data generation | 11:57, 28 July 2016 |
Lens focal length | 24 mm |
User comments | smooth scouring rush, Equisetum laevigatum, California, White Mountains, Cottonwood Basin, Poison Creek, Fishlake Valley drainage, elevation 3016 m (9895 ft). |
Latitude | 37° 30′ 54.76″ N |
Longitude | 118° 10′ 21.68″ W |
Altitude | 3,015.996 meters above sea level |
Headline | smooth scouring rush, Equisetum laevigatum, California, White Mountains, Cottonwood Basin, Poison Creek, Fishlake Valley drainage, elevation 3016 m (9895 ft). |
City shown | Bishop |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 314 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 314 dpi |
Software used | RoboGEO v6.3.2 |
File change date and time | 11:57, 28 July 2016 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exposure Program | Aperture priority |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 11:57, 28 July 2016 |
Meaning of each component |
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APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 3.61328125 APEX (f/3.5) |
Metering mode | Spot |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire, auto mode |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | Low gain up |
Contrast | Soft |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Soft |
GPS time (atomic clock) | 18:57 |
Reference for direction of image | True direction |
Direction of image | 0 |
Geodetic survey data used | WGS 1984 |
GPS date | 28 July 2016 |
GPS tag version | 0.0.3.2 |
IIM version | 4 |
Province or state shown | California |
Country shown | United States |