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Ianuarius

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: ianuarius

Latin

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *yeh₂-der.
Proto-Indo-European *yeh₂-no-
Proto-Italic *jānos
Latin iānus
Latin Iānus
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-os?
Proto-Indo-European *-o-
Proto-Indo-European *-so-
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂so-
Proto-Indo-European *-yós
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂s(i)yós
Proto-Italic *-āsijos
Proto-Italic *-āsios
Latin -ārius
Latin Iānuārius

    From Iānus (“Janus”) + -ārius.

    Pronunciation

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    Adjective

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    Iānuārius (feminine Iānuāria, neuter Iānuārium); first/second-declension adjective

    1. of January

    Usage notes

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    In Classical Latin, month names were regularly used as adjectives, generally modifying a case-form of mēnsis m sg (“month”) or of one of the nouns used in the Roman calendar to refer to specific days of the month from which other days were counted: kalendae f pl (“calends”), nōnae f pl (“nones”), īdūs f pl (“ides”). However, the masculine noun mēnsis could be omitted by ellipsis, so the masculine singular forms of month names eventually came to be used as proper nouns.[1]

    The accusative plural adjective forms Aprīlīs, Septembrīs, Octōbrīs, Novembrīs, Decembrīs[2] are ambiguous in writing, being spelled identically to the genitive singular forms of the nouns; nevertheless, the use of ablative singular forms in -ī and comparison with the usage of other month names as adjectives supports the interpretation of -is as an accusative plural adjective ending in Classical Latin phrases such as "kalendas Septembris".[3]

    Declension

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    First/second-declension adjective.

    singular plural
    masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
    nominative Iānuārius Iānuāria Iānuārium Iānuāriī Iānuāriae Iānuāria
    genitive Iānuāriī Iānuāriae Iānuāriī Iānuāriōrum Iānuāriārum Iānuāriōrum
    dative Iānuāriō Iānuāriae Iānuāriō Iānuāriīs
    accusative Iānuārium Iānuāriam Iānuārium Iānuāriōs Iānuāriās Iānuāria
    ablative Iānuāriō Iānuāriā Iānuāriō Iānuāriīs
    vocative Iānuārie Iānuāria Iānuārium Iānuāriī Iānuāriae Iānuāria

    Proper noun

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    Iānuārius m (genitive Iānuāriī or Iānuārī); second declension

  • January
    1. a male given name

    Declension

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    Second-declension noun, singular only.
    singular
    nominative Iānuārius
    genitive Iānuāriī
    Iānuārī1
    dative Iānuāriō
    accusative Iānuārium
    ablative Iānuāriō
    vocative Iānuārī

    1Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

    Descendants

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    Borrowings

    See also

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    Gregorian calendar months: mēnsēs annīedit

    References

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    1. ^ Karl Gottlob Zumpt (1853), Leonhard Schmitz, Charles Anthon, transl., A Grammar of the Latin Language, 3rd edition, pages 31, 85
    2. ^ Gaeng, Paul A. (1968), An Inquiry into Local Variations in Vulgar Latin: As Reflected in the Vocalism of Christian Inscriptions, page 183
    3. ^ Frost, P. (1861), The Germania and Agricola of Tacitus, page 161

    Further reading

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    • “Iānuārius”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • “Iānuārius” on page 817/1 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)

    Old English

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    Etymology

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    Borrowed from Latin Iānuārius.

    Proper noun

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    Ianuarius m

    1. January
      Synonym: æfterra ġēola
      • late 9th century, Old English Martyrology
        On þone eahteðan ġeohheldæg bið þǣs mōnðes fruma þe mon nemneð Ianuarius, þæt is on ūre ġeþēode sē æftera geola.
        On the eighth day of Christmas is the beginning of the month known as January, which in our language is After-Yule.

    See also

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    Gregorian calendar months: mōnaþedit

    References

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    • Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Ianuarius&oldid=93397400"