Ianuarius

See also: ianuarius

Latin

Alternative forms

iānuārius, Jānuārius, jānuārius, Ian., Jan.

Etymology

From Iānus (“Janus”) +‎ -ārius.

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /i̯aː.nuˈaː.ri.us/, [i̯äːnuˈäːriʊs̠]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ja.nuˈa.ri.us/, [jänuˈäːrius]

Adjective

Iānuārius (feminine Iānuāria, neuter Iānuārium); first/second-declension adjective

of January

Usage notes

In Classical Latin, month names were regularly used as adjectives, generally modifying a case-form of mēnsis m sg (“month”) or of one of the nouns used in the Roman calendar to refer to specific days of the month from which other days were counted: Calendae f pl (“calends”), Nōnae f pl (“nones”), Īdūs f pl (“ides”). However, the masculine noun mēnsis could be omitted by ellipsis, so the masculine singular forms of month names eventually came to be used as proper nouns.^[1]

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Number	Singular			Plural
Nominative	Iānuārius	Iānuāria	Iānuārium	Iānuāriī	Iānuāriae	Iānuāria
Genitive	Iānuāriī	Iānuāriae	Iānuāriī	Iānuāriōrum	Iānuāriārum	Iānuāriōrum
Dative	Iānuāriō	Iānuāriae	Iānuāriō	Iānuāriīs
Accusative	Iānuārium	Iānuāriam	Iānuārium	Iānuāriōs	Iānuāriās	Iānuāria
Ablative	Iānuāriō	Iānuāriā	Iānuāriō	Iānuāriīs
Vocative	Iānuārie	Iānuāria	Iānuārium	Iānuāriī	Iānuāriae	Iānuāria

Noun

Iānuārius m (genitive Iānuāriī or Iānuārī); second declension

January
a male given name

Declension

Second-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	Iānuārius	Iānuāriī
Genitive	Iānuāriī Iānuārī¹	Iānuāriōrum
Dative	Iānuāriō	Iānuāriīs
Accusative	Iānuārium	Iānuāriōs
Ablative	Iānuāriō	Iānuāriīs
Vocative	Iānuārī	Iānuāriī

¹Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

Descendants

Padanian:
- Romansch: schaner
Northern Gallo-Romance:
- Franco-Provençal: janviér
- Old French: janvier
  - Middle French: janvier
    - French: janvier
      - Haitian Creole: janvye
      - → Iranian Persian: ژانویه (žânviye)
      - → Ladino: janviye
      - → South Azerbaijani: ژانویه (janviyə)
      - → Tunisian Arabic: جانفي (jānvi)
    - Norman: janvyi, jaunvyi, djãvi
  - Walloon: djanvî
  - ⇒ Anglo-Norman: janever
    - → Middle English: Janevere
Ibero-Romance:
- Old Galician-Portuguese: janeyro, janeiro
  - Galician: xaneiro
  - Portuguese: janeiro (see there for further descendants)
  - → Mirandese: Janeiro
- Old Spanish: janero
  - Spanish: enero (see there for further descendants)
Vulgar Latin:
- ienuārius (see there for further descendants)

Borrowings

→ Abkhaz: ажьырныҳәа (ažərnəḥʷa)
→ Afrikaans: Januarie
→ Albanian: janar
→ Amharic: ጃንዩዌሪ (ǧanyuweri)
→ Ancient Greek: Ἰανουάριος (Ianouários)
- Byzantine Greek: Ιανουάριος (Ianouários)
  - Greek: Ιανουάριος (Ianouários)
  - → Romanian: ianuarie (also influenced by Slavic languages)
- → Old Armenian: յունուար (yunuar), յանուար (yanuar), յունվար (yunvar), յանվար (yanvar), յունուվար (yunuvar), յունուարիոս (yunuarios)
  - Armenian: հունվար (hunvar)
→ Arabic: يناير (yanāyir)
→ Breton: Genver
→ Bulgarian: януари (januari)
→ Byzantine Greek: Γεννάριος (Gennários)
- Greek: Γενάρης (Genáris)
  - → Aromanian: Yinar, Yenar, Yienar
  - → Romanian: ghenar
- → Old East Slavic: генуарь (genuarĭ), генуарии (genuarii)
  - → Russian: январь (janvarʹ) (see there for further descendants)
→ Cornish: Genver, Jenver
→ Danish: januar
→ Dutch: januari
→ Dutch Low Saxon: jannewaori
→ Etruscan: 𐌀𐌍𐌉𐌀𐌗 (aniax)
→ Ewe: Yanuar
→ Faroese: januar
→ Old Georgian: იანვარი (ianvari)
- Georgian: იანვარი (ianvari)
→ Greenlandic: januaari
→ German: Januar
- → Estonian: jaanuar
- → Hebrew: יָנוּאָר (yánuar)
- → Kashubian: januar
- → Yiddish: יאַנואַר (yanuar)
→ German Low German: Januar
→ Hungarian: január
→ Icelandic: janúar
→ Irish: Eanáir
→ Kölsch: Jannowaa
→ Latvian: janvāris
→ Limburgish: jannewarie
→ Livonian: janvār
→ Lower Sorbian: januar
→ Luxembourgish: Januar
→ Macedonian: јануари (januari)
→ Maltese: Jannar
→ Middle English: Januarie, januari
- English: January (see there for further descendants)
- Scots: Januar
→ Middle High German: jenner
- Alemannic German: Jänner
  Alsatian: Jänner
  
  Sense: Jenner, Jänner
  
  Swabian: Jenner
- Bavarian: Jenna, Jänna
- German: Jänner, Jenner
- Rhine Franconian:
  Galician Palatine German: Jänner
  
  Lorraine Franconian: Jänner
  
  Pennsylvania German: Yenner, Yenar
→ North Frisian: janewoore
→ Norwegian Bokmål: januar
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: januar
→ Old Prussian: Janwārs
→ Pennsylvania German: Yanuaar
→ Plautdietsch: Jaun'woa
→ Carpathian Rusyn: януар (januar)
→ Saterland Frisian: Januoar
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: јануар

Latin script: januar
→ Slovak: január
→ Slovene: januar
→ Somali: janaayo
→ Swedish: januari
→ Tatar: гыйнвар (ğıynwar)
→ Upper Sorbian: januar
→ Welsh: Ionawr
→ West Flemish: januoari
→ West Frisian: jannewaris

References

^ Karl Gottlob Zumpt (1853) Leonhard Schmitz, Charles Anthon, transl., A Grammar of the Latin Language, 3rd edition, pages 31, 85

Ianuarius

Contents

Latin

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adjective

Usage notes

Declension

Noun

Declension

Descendants

See also

References

Further reading

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Ianuarius

Latin

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adjective

Usage notes

Declension

Noun

Declension

Descendants

See also

References

Further reading

Navigation menu

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