Mongol

See also: mongol, mongòl, Mongȫl, mongoł, and Mongoł

English

Alternative forms

• Mongal (obsolete)

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈmɒŋɡəl/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈmɑŋɡəl/, /ˈmɑŋˌɡoʊl/, /ˈmɔŋˌɡoʊl/
• Rhymes: -ɒŋɡəl

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Mongolian ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ (mongɣol), from Middle Mongol ᠮᠣᠩᠬᠣᠯ (mongqol). The sense of person with Down syndrome stems from the observation that individuals with this condition frequently exhibit a prominent epicanthic fold, a feature commonly observed among individuals of East Asian ancestry.

Noun

Mongol (plural Mongols)

1. A person from Mongolia; a Mongolian.
2. A member of any of the various Mongol ethnic groups living in the Mongolian People's Republic, the former USSR, Tibet and Nepal.
3. (dated, now derogatory, offensive) A person with Down syndrome.

   Alternative form: mongol

   • 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 17, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

     The face which emerged was not reassuring. […]. He was not a mongol but there was a deficiency of a sort there, and it was not made more pretty by a latter-day hair cut which involved eccentrically long elf-locks and oiled black curls.

4. A member of the nomadic people from the steppes of central Asia who invaded Europe in the 13th century.
   • 2020 November 13, Ligaya Mishan, “Once the Disease of Gluttonous Aristocrats, Gout Is Now Tormenting the Masses”, in The New York Times‎^[1], →ISSN, archived from the original on 30 November 2020:

     Once gout was confined largely to Western civilization (with some outliers, like the Mongol ruler Kublai Khan); now its ravages are global.

5. A member of the Mongols Motorcycle Club of California, United States.
6. (slang, offensive, ethnic slur) A Turk, particularly in political or Internet discourse by certain neighbors (such as in Greece or the Caucasus) and within Turkey by opponents to suggest a lack of civilization or, in some contexts, to mock the genetic and historical ties between the Turkic and Mongolic peoples.
   • 2020, “TÜRKİYE YUNANİSTAN SINIRINDA ASKERLER (SOLDIERS ON THE TÜRKİYE–GREECE BORDER)”, in YouTube‎^[2]:

     —You are malaka! [a wanker] —Malaka goat anan! [is your goat mother!] —Malaka OLOLOLO! —[Answers in Turkish] Malaka goat anandır! [Malaka is your goat mother!] —Mongol! —[Answers in Turkish] Hassiktir ben Türküm! [Fuck you, I am Turkish!]

Derived terms

• Mongolist
• Mongolistics
• Turco-Mongol

Related terms

• Moghul
• Mongolia
• Mongolian
• mongolism
• mongoloid

Translations

member of the nomadic people — see Mongolian

a person from Mongolia; a Mongolian — see Mongolian

someone with Down's syndrome

• Afrikaans: mongool
• Dutch: mongool (nl) m
• German: Mongoloider m
• Icelandic: mongólíti (is) m
• Macedonian: монголои́д m (mongoloíd)
• Polish: mongoł (pl) m
• Portuguese: mongoloide (pt) m
• Spanish: mongólico (es) m
• Swedish: mongolid (sv) c

See also

• Golden Horde

Adjective

Mongol (comparative more Mongol, superlative most Mongol)

1. Synonym of Mongolian.
   • 1878 March–April, Hoinos, “Æsop in Mongolia”, in The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal, volume IX, number 2, Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press, page 118:

     THE following fables are selected from a number which a Mongol teacher dictated in his attempts to familiarise a foreigner with the language of Mongolia. It will be seen at a glance that most of them are not native to the country, but come from a laud abounding with sights and scenes unknown to Mongolia. One or two of them, though, have a very Mongol look about them, and doubtless a good many of them have adopted more or less of a Mongol dress.

   • 1986, Clarence J[oseph] Karier, Scientists of the Mind: Intellectual Founders of Modern Psychology, Urbana, Ill.; Chicago, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, →ISBN, page 183:

     While the social system could thus be improved, [G. Stanley] Hall knew that heredity was more important. He argued that a pound of heredity was “worth a hundredweight of education.” It was necessary to pay attention to better breeding: “The nation that breeds best, be it Mongol, Slav, Teuton or Saxon, will rule the world in the future.”

   • 1997, Sheila Paine, “[Uzbekistan] Shakhrisabz”, in The Golden Horde: Travels from the Himalaya to Karpathos, London: Penguin Books, published 1998, →ISBN, page 145:

     An old woman with a very Mongol face, a bright Uzbek print dress and a shopping bag, got off at every stop and back on again.

   • 2010, Paul D. Buell, Eugene N[ewton] Anderson, “[Juan One] Translation”, in A Soup for the Qan: Chinese Dietary Medicine of the Mongol Era As Seen in Hu Sihui’s Yinshan Zhengyao (Sir Henry Wellcome Asian Series; 9), 2nd edition, Leiden; Boston, Mass.: Brill, →ISBN, part B (Text and Translation), footnote 62, page 287:

     This topping for Iranian bread (or its Chinese derivative shaobing) is truly unique. We know of nothing like it anywhere else. It is also very different from anything else in the YSZY. A very Mongol flavor is implied, if it is not a straight borrowing from nomadic Turks. The “Iranian cakes” are Persian bread (nan), still a staple food in Ningxia and Xinjiang. In the Chinese Islamic Restaurant, a Ningxia Hui restaurant near Los Angeles, we have eaten similar stews with their incomparable nan–style bread. This particular stew, however, is one of the YSZY’s amazing, unique, and creative blendings of Mongol, Near Eastern, and Chinese elements (cf. recipes # 21–23, etc.).

Derived terms

• Mongol Yoke
• Turco-Mongol

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Proper noun

Mongol

1. A Keram language spoken in Papua New Guinea (also known by its native name Mwakai).

References

• 1992 Webster's New World Encyclopedia. Prentice Hall
• 1970 R C H Davis A History of Medieval Europe. Longman SBN 582 48208 9. P404 et. seq.

Anagrams

• glom on

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈmoŋɡol]

Noun

Mongol m anim (female equivalent Mongolka)

1. Mongolian, Mongol

Declension

Declension of Mongol (hard masculine animate)

	singular	plural
nominative	Mongol	Mongolové
genitive	Mongola	Mongolů
dative	Mongolovi, Mongolu	Mongolům
accusative	Mongola	Mongoly
vocative	Mongole	Mongolové
locative	Mongolovi, Mongolu	Mongolech
instrumental	Mongolem	Mongoly

Related terms

• Mongolsko
• mongolština

French

Pronunciation

• Audio (France (Brétigny-sur-Orge)):

  (file)

Noun

Mongol m (plural Mongols, feminine Mongole)

1. Mongolian (person)

Luxembourgish

Noun

Mongol m (plural Mongolen, feminine Mongolin)

1. Mongolian

Related terms

• mongolesch

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mǒnɡoːl/
• Hyphenation: Mon‧gol

Noun

Mòngōl m anim (Cyrillic spelling Мо̀нго̄л, female equivalent Mòngōlka)

1. Mongolian (native or inhabitant of Mongolia) (usually male)
2. (historical) Mongol

Declension

Declension of Mongol

	singular	plural
nominative	Mòngōl	Mongóli
genitive	Mongola	Mongola
dative	Mongolu	Mongolima
accusative	Mongola	Mongole
vocative	Mongolu	Mongoli
locative	Mongolu	Mongolima
instrumental	Mongolom	Mongolima