Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fram

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“forth, forward”). Related to Proto-Germanic *framaz (“forward, prominent”) whence Old Norse framr (“forward; superior”), Old English fram (“strenuous, active, bold, strong”), German fromm (“good, upright, devout, pious”), Ancient Greek πρόμος (prómos, “foremost one, champion, leader, prince”), Umbrian promom (“at first, initially”), Lithuanian pìrmas (“first”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɸrɑm/

Preposition

*fram

1. (with dative) from
2. (with dative) by, due to

Adverb

*fram (comparative *framiz, superlative *framist)

1. forth, forward
2. away, further

Descendants

• Old English: fram, from
  • Middle English: from, fram, vrom, vram; fro, fra, vra, fray
    • English: from
      • → Scots: from, frome
    • Yola: vrem, vrim, vreem, vream; vrom
• Old Frisian: from
• Old Saxon: fram
• Old Dutch: fram-
• Old High German: fram
  • Middle High German: vram
• Old Norse: frá
  • Icelandic: frá
  • Faroese: frá
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: frå
  • Elfdalian: frą̊
  • Old Swedish: frā
    • ⇒ Old Swedish: frān
      • Swedish: från
  • Old Danish: fra, fraa, fran
    • Danish: fra
      • Norwegian Bokmål: fra
  • → Old English: fra
    • Middle English: fra, fro
      • English: fro
      • Geordie English: frae, fra
      • Scots: frae, fra, fro, fae
• Old Norse: fram
  • Icelandic: fram
  • Faroese: fram, frá
  • Old Swedish: fram
    • Swedish: fram
  • Danish: frem
    • Norwegian Bokmål: frem
  • Norwegian: fram
• Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼 (fram)