Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kuningaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

*kunungaz

Etymology[edit]

From *kunją +‎ *-ingaz, 'someone of the family'.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /ˈku.niŋ.ɡɑz/

Noun[edit]

*kuningaz m

king

Inflection[edit]

masculine a-stemDeclension of *kuningaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*kuningaz	kuningōz, kuningōs
vocative	*kuning	kuningōz, kuningōs
accusative	*kuningą	*kuninganz
genitive	kuningas, kuningis	*kuningǫ̂
dative	*kuningai	*kuningamaz
instrumental	*kuningō	*kuningamiz

Related terms[edit]

*kuningǭ

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

West Germanic: *kuning
- Old English: cyning, cyng, cyneg, cynig, cuning, kyning, kuning
  - Middle English: king, kenin, kening, kinig
    - English: king, kyng, kynge
      - → American Sign Language: K@Shoulder K@Abdomen
      - → Isubu: kinge
      - → Japanese: キング (kingu)
      - → Maori: kingi
      - Tok Pisin: king
    - Scots: keeng, king
- Old Frisian: kening, kining, kinig, keneng, koning
  - North Frisian: köning, könning, käning
  - Saterland Frisian: Köönich
  - West Frisian: kening
- Old Saxon: kuning
  - Middle Low German: könink, könnink, kunig
    - Low German:
      - Dutch Low Saxon: koaning, könning
      - German Low German: Koning, Köning, Keunig
        Plautdietsch: Kjennich
    - → Latgalian: kieneņš
    - → Latvian: ķēniņš
    - → West Frisian: keuning
- Old Dutch: kuning, cunig
  - Middle Dutch: cōninc
    - Dutch: koning
      - Afrikaans: koning
      - → Sranan Tongo: kownu
    - Limburgish: keuning
- Old High German: kuning, cuning, khuninc
  - Middle High German: künic, künec
    - Alemannic German: Künig, Chüng, Keenig
    - Bavarian: Kine, Kini, Kenig, Kineng
    - Central Franconian: Kinnik, Künning, Künnik
    - German: König
      - → Central Franconian: Künnisch
    - Luxembourgish: Kinnek
    - Rhine Franconian:
      Pennsylvania German: Keenich
    - Vilamovian: kyng
    - Yiddish: קיניג‎ (kinig)
Old Norse: konungr, kongr
- Icelandic: konungur, kóngur
- Faroese: kongur, konungur
- Norn: konung
- Norwegian: konge
- Old Swedish: konunger, kununger, kunger
  - Swedish: konung, kung
- Old Danish: kung, konung
  - Danish: konge, kong, konning
    - → Greenlandic: kunngi
- Westrobothnian: kóng
- Elfdalian: kunungg
- Gutnish: kuningg, kungg
- Scanian: káng
→ Lithuanian: kunigas, kuningas
→ Finnic: *kuningas (see there for further descendants)
→ Samic:
- Northern Sami: gonagas
- Lule Sami: gånågis
- Skolt Sami: koonǥõs
→ Slavic: *kъnędzь (see there for further descendants)