Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skadwaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱh₃-tús, from *(s)ḱeh₃- (“dark”). Cognate with Old Irish scáth (“shadow”), Ancient Greek σκότος (skótos, “darkness”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈskɑð.wɑz/

Noun

*skadwaz m

1. a shadow

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *skadwaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*skadwaz	*skadwōz, *skadwōs
vocative	*skadw	*skadwōz, *skadwōs
accusative	*skadwą	*skadwanz
genitive	*skadwas, *skadwis	*skadwǫ̂
dative	*skadwai	*skadwamaz
instrumental	*skadwō	*skadwamiz

Derived terms

• *skadwijaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *skadu
  • Old English: sċeadu
    • Middle English: schadwe, schadewe, schadowe, schade
      • English: shadow, shade, shed
      • Scots: scaddow, schaddow, shadow, shade, schad
  • Old Frisian: *skade
    • Saterland Frisian: Skade, Skaad
    • West Frisian: skaad, skâd
  • Old Saxon: skado
    • Middle Low German: schaduwe, schadewe, schāde, schēde
      • Low German:
        • German Low German: Schade, Scharre, Scharr
        • Westphalian:

          Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Schiae

          Westmünsterländisch: Schatten

      • Plautdietsch: Schauten
  • Old Dutch: scado
    • Middle Dutch: schāde, schāduwe
      • Dutch: schaduw; (archaic) schad; (archaic) schade/schaai
        • Afrikaans: skadu, skaduwee
  • Old High German: skato, scato m; skata, scata f
    • Middle High German: schate, schade, schete, schatwe, schetewe m
      • German: Schatten
      • Luxembourgish: Schiet
      • Yiddish: שאָטן (shotn)
• Old Norse: *skadda, *skǫddu (gen.)
  • Icelandic: skodda, skoddi
  • Faroese: skadda, skødda, skaddi
  • Norwegian: skodde; skadda, skodda (dialectal)
  • Jamtish: skǫdde
• Gothic: 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌳𐌿𐍃 (skadus) (reanalysed as u-stem)
• → Proto-Finnic: *katvëh
  • Finnish: katve