Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂eḱs-

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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Perhaps an s-stem *h₂eǵ-os ~ *h₂ǵ-es-os, from *h₂eǵ- (drive).[1][2]

Noun[edit]

*h₂eḱs-[1][2][3]

  1. axle, axis

Derived terms[edit]

  • *h₂eḱs-eh₂[4]
    • Proto-Germanic: *ahsō (see there for further descendants)
  • *h₂eḱs-i-s[5][6][4]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *aśís (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Italic: *aksis[7]
      • Latin: axis (see there for further descendants)
  • *h₂eḱs-(i)l-eh₂[2][8]
  • *h₂éḱs-o-s[9][4]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háćšas (see there for further descendants)
  • *h₂éḱs-ō ~ *h₂ḱs-nés[4]
  • *sém-h₂eḱs-ih₂ ~ *sm̥-h₂eks-yéh₂-s[10][7]
    • >? Proto-Hellenic: *sámaksia
    • >? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *sámHaćšyas
      • Proto-Iranian: *hámHašyah
        • Proto-Iranian: *hamHašyapādah[13] (+ *pā́dah)
          • Proto-Scythian: *hamaśśapāδi
            • Proto-Saka-Wakhi: *hamaśpai
              • Khotanese: [script needed] (maśpa, road, way)

References[edit]

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Pokorny, Julius (1959), “*ag̑es-, *ak̑s”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 4; *aksi-lā
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*hₐek̂s- ‘axle’”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers
  3. ^ Kölligan, Daniel (2017–2018), “Chapter XX: Proto-Indo-European”, in Klein, Jared S.; Joseph, Brian D.; Fritz, Matthias, editor, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Proto-Indo-European, page 2270: “‘axle; axis’: *h2ek̑s-”
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*ahsō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 6: “*h₂eḱs-eh₂-; *h₂eḱ-so-; *h₂eḱs-i-; *h₂eḱs-on-”
  5. ^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 48: “*h₂eḱsi-”
  6. ^ Derksen, Rick (2015), “ašis”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 380: “PIE *h2eḱs-(i-)”
  7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “axis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 66: “6”
  8. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*ahsō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 6: “*h₂eks-(i)l-eh2-”
  9. ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (1988) The System of Nominal Accentuation in Sanskrit and Proto-Indo-European[1], Brill, page 75: “*H₂eḱs-(o-)”
  10. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001), “ákṣa-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[2] (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 41: “*sm-h₂eḱs-ih₂”
  11. ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “amäkṣpänte”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 20: “PIE *h₂em-hₐek̂s-y(e)hₐ-”
  12. ^ Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “?*h₂em-h̥ₐek̂s-ihₐ ‘wagon-chassis’”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers
  13. ^ Bailey, H. W. (1979), “maspa”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 325: “*amHašya-pāda-”