Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wekʷ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*wekʷ- (imperfective)

1. to speak, to sound out

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wekʷ-‎ (31 c, 0 e)

• *wékʷ-ti (athematic root present)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wákti
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wákti
      • Sanskrit: वक्ति (vákti)
    • Proto-Iranian: *wáxti
      • ⇒ Northern Kurdish: bang (“call”)
      • ⇒ Northern Kurdish: deng (“voice”)
      • ⇒ Northern Kurdish: gotin (“to say”), -bêj-
• *wókʷ-e-ti (o-grade root thematic present)
  • Proto-Germanic: *gawahwaną (“to mention”) (see there for further descendants)
• *wókʷ-ye-ti (o-grade root ye-present)
  • Proto-Armenian:
    • Old Armenian: գոչեմ (gočʿem, “to cry out”)
• *wí-wekʷ-ti ~ *wí-wk-n̥ti (i-reduplicated root present)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wíwakti
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wíwakti
      • Vedic Sanskrit: विवक्ति (vívakti)
• *we-wókʷ-e ~ *we-wkʷ-ḗr (reduplicated stative)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wawā́ča (see there for further descendants)
• *wé-wk-e-t (reduplicated thematic aorist)
• *wṓkʷ-s
• *wékʷ-os ~ *wékʷ-es-os
  • Proto-Celtic: *wekʷos (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *wékʷos
    • Ancient Greek: ἔπος (épos)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wáčas (see there for further descendants)
• *wékʷ-ti-s ~ *ukʷ-téy-s
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *uktíš (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wektís
    • Proto-Slavic: *veťь (“thing”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Germanic: *wihtiz (“being”) (see there for further descendants)
• *wokʷ-tló-m
  • Proto-Celtic: *woxtlom (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *waktrám
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *waktrám
      • Sanskrit: वक्त्र (vaktrá, “mouth”)
• *wókʷ-to-s
  • Proto-Germanic: *wahtaz
    • Old Norse: váttr (“witness”)
      • Faroese: váttur
• *wokʷ-smn̥
  • Proto-Celtic: *woxsman
    • Middle Irish: fúaimm
      • Irish: fuaim
      • Scottish Gaelic: fuaim
• *wokʷ-yeh₂
  • Proto-Hellenic: *woťťa
    • Ancient Greek: ὄσσα (óssa), ὄττα (ótta)
• *ukʷ-tó-s
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *uktás (see there for further descendants)
• *h₁weru-wokʷ-, *h₁uru-wkʷ- (“far-sounding”)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *ewrúwokʷā
    • Ancient Greek: εὐρύοπα (eurúopa)
  • Indo-Iranian:
    • Vedic Sanskrit: उरूची (urūcī́)

Unsorted formations

• Proto-Albanian:
  • Albanian: ves
• Proto-Anatolian:
  • Hittite: [script needed] (huek-), [script needed] (huk-, “to conjure, swear”)
• Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  • Old Prussian: enwackē (“they call”)

References

• Friedrich Kluge (1989) “erwähnen”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) “u̯ekʷ-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1135