Reconstruction:Old Novgorodian/кѣвь

This Old Novgorodian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Old Novgorodian

Etymology

Expected reflex of Proto-Slavic *cěvь (from an earlier pre-palatalized form *kěvь).

Reconstructed based on the dialectal Russian кевь (kevʹ, “spool, bobbin, reel”), originating from Old Novgorodian and Old Pskovian, where the most important feature was the absence of the second palatalization of the velar *k, *g, *x in the position before *ě and *i, which were only softened to [kʲ], [ɡʲ], [xʲ]. Also compare borrowings in Finnic languages, where the special Old Pskovian ѣ (æ) (realized as a wide monophthong or diphthong with a wide second component) was reflected as ää. Compare with Old East Slavic цѣвь (cěvĭ).

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: *кѣ‧вь

Noun

*кѣвь • (*kěvĭ) f

1. spool, bobbin, reel

Declension

Declension of *кѣвь (i-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*кѣвь *kěvĭ	*кѣви *kěvi	*кѣви *kěvi
genitive	*кѣви *kěvi	*кѣвью *kěvĭju	*кѣвьи *kěvĭi
dative	*кѣви *kěvi	*кѣвьма *kěvĭma	*кѣвьмъ *kěvĭmŭ
accusative	*кѣвь *kěvĭ	*кѣви *kěvi	*кѣви *kěvi
instrumental	*кѣвьѭ *kěvĭjǫ	*кѣвьма *kěvĭma	*кѣвьми *kěvĭmi
locative	*кѣви *kěvi	*кѣвью *kěvĭju	*кѣвьхъ *kěvĭxŭ
vocative	*кѣви *kěvi	*кѣви *kěvi	*кѣвьѥ *kěvĭje

Early Old Novgorodian declension (until c. 1225) prior to the vocalization and loss of yers.

Related terms

nouns

• *кѣвъка f (*kěvŭka, “spool, bobbin”)
• *кѣвьца f (*kěvĭcʹa, “spool, bobbin”)
• *кѣвьѥ n (*kěvĭje, “flail holder”)

Descendants

• → Finnic: (via Old Pskovian)
  • Estonian: kääv; kääve (dialectal)
  • Finnish: käämi, käävi, käämy (dialectal)
  • Ingrian: käävy, käämy
  • Karelian:
    • North Karelian: kiämi
    • South Karelian: kiämi
  • Livvi: kiämi
  • Ludian: kiämi, kiäm
  • Veps: käm
  • Votic: čäävi, čääve
    • Kukkuzi: käävü
• → Russian: кевь (kevʹ) (dialectal)