Reconstruction:Proto-Bantu/-ia

This Proto-Bantu entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Bantu

Suffix

*-ia

1. causative suffix

   Synonym: *-ica

Reconstruction notes

Sometimes reconstructed as *-ía. Hyman argues that this high tone is an innovation in “interlacustrine Bantu languages (JD40–60 and JE10–40)”.

Descendants

• Northeast Bantu:
  • Great Lakes Bantu:
    • Rwanda-Rundi (J61/62): -ya
  • Northeast Coast Bantu:
    • Proto-Sabaki: *-ya
      • Kipfokomo (E71A): -ya
      • Mijikenda:
        • Chichonyi-Chidzihana-Chikauma (E72c): -ya
        • Giryama (E72a): -ya
      • Swahili:
        • Swahili (G42): -ya
      • Comorian:
        • Ngazidja Comorian (G44a): -a (with affrication)
        • Maore Comorian (G44D): -a (with affrication)
        • Ndzwani Comorian (G44b): -a (with affrication)

Derived terms

• *-ɪdia
• *-ɪkia