Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ast

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁ (“bone”), but with unexpected initial *a instead of o.

Noun

*ast n

rib

Inflection

Neuter consonant stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ast	*aste	*asta
vocative	*ast	*aste	*asta
accusative	*ast	*aste	*asta
genitive	*astos	*astou	*astom
dative	*astei	*astobom	*astobos
locative	*asti	*?	*?
instrumental	*aste?	*astobim	*astobis

Derived terms

*ast(a)nyo-^[1]
- Middle Irish: asna
  - Irish: easna
  - Manx: asney
  - Scottish Gaelic: asna
*astilis
*astinā^[1]
- Proto-Brythonic: *asen
  - Old Cornish: asen
  - Middle Welsh: asen, assen
    - Welsh: asen
*as(t)kornu (compound with *kornu (“horn”)^[2]^[3])
- Proto-Brythonic: *askurn (“bone”)
  - Old Breton: *ascurn, ⇒ ascrunol
    - Middle Breton: ascorn
      - Breton: askorn
  - Old Cornish: ascorn
    - Middle Cornish: ascorn
      - Cornish: askorn
  - Middle Welsh: asgwrn, ascurn
    - Welsh: asgwrn

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic: *as
- Middle Cornish: asow pl
  - Cornish: asow
- Middle Welsh: eis pl
  - Welsh: ais

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Zair, Nicholas (2012), The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 54
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*astn(iy)o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 44–45
^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995), Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, pages 53-54

[Zair-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Zair, Nicholas (2012), The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 54

[2] Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*astn(iy)o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 44–45

[3] Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995), Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, pages 53-54

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