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Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/es

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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

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Etymology

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From Proto-Indo-European *ís.

Pronoun

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*es (feminine *sī, neuter *ed, plural *eyes)

  1. he, she, it

Inflection

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Irregular
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *es *eyes
vocative *? *?
accusative *em *ens
genitive *esyo *eisom
dative *esmūi *eibos
instrumental *? *eibis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *sī *eyās
vocative *? *?
accusative *eyām *eyāns
genitive *esyās *eyāsom
dative *esmai *eyābos
instrumental *? *eyābis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *ed *eyā
vocative *? *?
accusative *ed *eyā
genitive *esyo *eisom
dative *esmūi *eibos
instrumental *? *eibis

Descendants

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  • Old Irish: é, ,
    • Irish: , Irish: é
    • Scottish Gaelic: e
    • Manx: eh

From the accusative *em:

  • Proto-Brythonic: *eβ̃
  • Old Irish: a- (masculine)

From the neuter *ed:

  • Old Irish: ed, hed
    • Middle Irish: ed
      • Irish: ea
      • Scottish Gaelic: eadh
  • Old Irish: a- (neuter)

From the feminine *eia-:

References

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  1. ^ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ef”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
  2. ^ The template Template:R:cel:Blazek:2008 does not use the parameter(s):
    head=eiasom
    Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
    Blažek, Václav (2008), “Gaulish Language”, in Studia minora Facultatis philosophicae Universitatis Brunensis, number 13, Sborníku prací filozofické fakulty brněnské univerzity, page 60