Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kaiccëdak
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Possibly derived from the same root as *kajadak;[1] *kajadak + *-icce-.
Verb
[edit]- to watch over, to guard, to keep safe
Inflection
[edit]Inflection of *kaiccëdak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *kaic'ën | *kaic'in | — | *kaiccëgon |
| 2nd sing. | *kaic'ët | *kaic'it | *kaic'ëk | *kaiccëgos |
| 3rd sing. | *kaiccëbi *kaicci |
*kaicci | *kaiccëgasën | *kaiccëgosën |
| 1st plur. | *kaic'ëkma | *kaiccima | *kaiccëgatëma | *kaiccëgotëma |
| 2nd plur. | *kaic'ëkta | *kaiccida | *kaiccëgata | *kaiccëgotta |
| 3rd plur. | *kaiccëbat *kaicci |
*kaicci | *kaiccëgasën | *kaiccëgosën |
| passive | *kaic'ëksën *kaic'ët'aksën |
*kaiccëdisën *kaic'ëttisën |
*kaiccëdakahën *kaic'ëttakahën |
*kaiccëdakohën *kaic'ëttakohën |
| connegative | *kaic'ëk | — | *kaiccëgak | *kaiccëgok |
| passive connegative | *kaic'ëktak | — | *kaiccëdagak *kaic'ëttagak |
*kaiccëdagok *kaic'ëttagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *kaic'ëkcin | *kaiccicin | *kaiccënën | |
| 2nd sing. | *kaic'ëkcit | *kaiccicit | *kaiccënët | |
| 3rd sing. | *kaic'ëkci | *kaiccici | *kaiccëni | |
| 1st plur. | *kaic'ëkcima | *kaiccicima | *kaiccënëma | |
| 2nd plur. | *kaic'ëkcita | *kaiccicita | *kaiccënëta | |
| 3rd plur. | *kaic'ëkci | *kaiccici | *kaiccëni | |
| passive | *kaiccëdakcihën *kaic'ët'akcihën |
*kaiccëdicihën *kaic'ëtticihën |
*kaiccëdanëhën *kaic'ëttanëhën | |
| connegative | *kaic'ëkcik | *kaiccicik | *kaiccënëk | |
| passive connegative | *kaiccëdakcik *kaic'ët'akcik |
*kaiccëdicik *kaic'ëtticik |
*kaiccëdanëk *kaic'ëttanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *kaiccëdak | present | *kaiccëba | *kaiccëdapa *kaic'ëttapa |
| infinitive 2 | *kaiccëdë- | past | *kaiccënut | *kaiccëdu *kaic'ëttu |
| gerund/supine | *kaiccëma | negative | *kaiccëmat'oin | |
| action noun | *kaiccëminën | |||
Descendants
[edit]- Estonian: kaitsma/kaitsta, kaitsema/kaitsta
- Finnish: kaita, kaitsea
- Karelian: kaita
- Livonian: kaitsõ, (Salaca) kaits
- Livvi: kaita
- Veps: kaita
- Võro: kaitsma/kaitsaq
- Votic: (Central Votic) kaittsaa
References
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Erkki Itkonen, Ulla-Maija Kulonen, editors (1992–2000), “kaita3”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words][2] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN