Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kalu

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Uncertain. Possibly from earlier *kalwu and related to Proto-Samic *kālvō (whence Northern Sami gálvu (“ware, object, thing”)). Saarikivi (2009) proposes borrowing from Early Old East Slavic [Term?], from Proto-Slavic *kolъ.

Noun

*kalu

1. stick
2. object, thing, tool

Inflection

Inflection of *kalu

Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
		singular	plural
nominative		*kalu	*kalut
accusative		*kalun	*kalut
genitive		*kalun	*kaludën *kaluidën
partitive		*kaluda	*kaluida
inessive		*kalussa *kaluhna	*kaluissa *kaluihna
elative		*kalusta	*kaluista
illative		*kaluhën	*kaluihën
adessive		*kalulla	*kaluilla
ablative		*kalulta	*kaluilta
allative		*kalulën *kalulëk	*kaluilën *kaluilëk
essive		*kaluna	*kaluina
translative		*kaluksi	*kaluiksi
instructive		*kalun	*kaluin
comitative		*kalunëk	*kaluinëk
abessive		*kalutta	*kaluitta

Descendants

• Estonian: kalu
• Finnish: kalu
• Ingrian: kalu
• Karelian:
  • North Karelian: kalu
  • South Karelian: kalu
• Livvi: kalu
• Ludian: kalu
• Veps: kalu
• Votic: (Central Votic) kalu (obsolete)

Further reading

• “kalu”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
• Erkki Itkonen, Ulla-Maija Kulonen, editors (1992–2000), “kalu”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN