Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/apluz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl (“apple, apple tree”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑp.luz/

Noun

*apluz m

1. (West Germanic) alternative form of *aplaz

Inflection

Declension of *apluz (u-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	*apluz	*apliwiz
vocative	*aplu	*apliwiz
accusative	*aplų	*aplunz
genitive	*aplauz	*apliwǫ̂
dative	*apliwi	*aplumaz
instrumental	*aplū	*aplumiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *applu, *apl
  • Old English: æppel, apl, appel, æppyl
    • Middle English: appel, apple, appyl, appyll, appil, appill, appell, eppel, appul, appull, appulle, eappel, æppel, æpple, eappel (Early Middle English)
      • English: apple (see there for further descendants)
      • Scots: aipple
  • Old Frisian: appel
    • North Frisian:

      Föhr, Hallig: aapel

      Helgoland: Oapel

      Mooring: ååpel

      Sylt: Aapel

    • Saterland Frisian: Apel, Appel
    • West Frisian: apel, appel
  • Old Saxon: appel, appul, apl
    • Middle Low German: appel
      • German Low German: Appel
        • → German: Appel (colloquial, regional)
      • Plautdietsch: Aupel
  • Old Dutch: *appel, ephela (pl.), apheles (gen.sg.)
    • Middle Dutch: appel, āpel
      • Dutch: appel (see there for further descendants)
      • Limburgish: Ape̩l, appel
  • Old High German: apful, aphul, apfol, afful, *appul — central
    • Middle High German: apfel, epfel, öpfel, appel
      • Alemannic German: Öpfel, Apfel

        Alsatian: Àpfel, Epfel

        Italian Walser: effél, epfel, epfil, öpfil

        Swabian: Ebfl

      • Bavarian: Åpfe

        Cimbrian: oupfal, öpfel, öpfl

        Mòcheno: epfl

        Udinese: eipfele, epfl

      • Central Franconian: Appel
        • Hunsrik: Eppel
        • Luxembourgish: Apel
      • East Central German:

        Upper Saxon German: Abbel, Appel

        Vilamovian: epuł

      • German: Apfel
      • Rhine Franconian:

        Hessian: Àbbel, Ebbel, Abbel

        Pennsylvania German: Abbel, Appel

      • Yiddish: עפּל (epl)