Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ardiz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Of disputed origin:

• From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ér-ti-s ~ *h₂r̥-téy-s, from *h₂er- (“to join, fit together”); see also *armaz (“arm”), Latin ars (“art”).
• Alternatively (but semantically more difficult), from a specialized use of *ardiz, a by-form of *arþiz (“plough(ing); acre, farmland; crop, produce”) (compare Old Norse ǫrð, Old English irð, Old High German art), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erh₃- (“to plough”) (whence also *arjaną (“to plow”) and *arþrą (“plow”); compare Latin area). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑr.ðiz/

Noun

*ardiz m or f

1. characteristic; inborn quality
2. nature; character
3. type; kind; manner; sort

Inflection

Declension of *ardiz (i-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	*ardiz	*ardīz
vocative	*ardi	*ardīz
accusative	*ardį	*ardinz
genitive	*ardīz	*ardijǫ̂
dative	*ardī	*ardimaz
instrumental	*ardī	*ardimiz

Alternative reconstructions

• *ardaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *ardi
  • Old English: *erd, eard (“state, station, condition, fate”)
    • Middle English: erd (“character, nature, disposition”)
  • Old Frisian: *ard, *erd
    • Saterland Frisian: Oard
    • West Frisian: aard
  • Old Saxon: *ard
    • Middle Low German: art, ārt
      • German Low German: Aard
  • Old Dutch: art, *ard
    • Middle Dutch: aert
      • Dutch: aard
        • Afrikaans: aard
  • Old High German: art
    • Middle High German: art
      • Bavarian: Årt
      • Central Franconian: Aad, Aat, Aart

        Kölsch: Aat

      • German: Art
        • → Danish: art
          • → Faroese: art
          • → Icelandic: art
        • → Kashubian: ôrt
        • → Norwegian:

          Norwegian Bokmål: art

          Norwegian Nynorsk: art

        • → Slovincian: ort
        • → Swedish: art
      • Luxembourgish: Aart
• Old Norse: arðr (in einarðr)
  • Icelandic: arður