Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/arniz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From a Proto-Indo-European *Her-, with original sense and exact identity of the laryngeal *H- uncertain, though Avestan 𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬎 (ar^ənu, “battle”) appears to be a semantically appealing cognate. The identity of the Indo-European root, including specified laryngeal, may be *h₃er- (“to move, stir; to rise, spring”), based on cognates that Orel adduces, such as Sanskrit अर्ण (árṇa, “(undulating, surging) water”), Ancient Greek ὄρνῡμῐ (órnūmĭ, “to set into motion”). However, the e-coloring of *ernustuz would then be irregular and only explainable as a back-formation. The root for “to battle” has alternatively been reconstructed as *h₁er-, which is a better phonetic match but suffers the same semantic issues.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑrn.iz/

Adjective

*arniz

1. serious
2. capable, diligent

Inflection

Declension of *arnjaz (a-stem)

Strong declension
	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*arnjaz	*arnjō	*arnją, -atō		*arnjai	*arnjôz	*arnjō
accusative	*arnjanǭ	*arnjǭ	*arnją, -atō		*arnjanz	*arnjōz	*arnjō
genitive	*arnjas, -is	*arnjaizōz	*arnjas, -is		*arnjaizǫ̂	*arnjaizǫ̂	*arnjaizǫ̂
dative	*arnjammai	*arnjaizōi	*arnjammai		*arnjaimaz	*arnjaimaz	*arnjaimaz
instrumental	*arnjanō	*arnjaizō	*arnjanō		*arnjaimiz	*arnjaimiz	*arnjaimiz
Weak declension
	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*arnjô	*arnjǭ	*arnjô		*arnjaniz	*arnjōniz	*arnjōnō
accusative	*arnjanų	*arnjōnų	*arnjô		*arnjanunz	*arnjōnunz	*arnjōnō
genitive	*arnjiniz	*arnjōniz	*arnjiniz		*arnjanǫ̂	*arnjōnǫ̂	*arnjanǫ̂
dative	*arnjini	*arnjōni	*arnjini		*arnjammaz	*arnjōmaz	*arnjammaz
instrumental	*arnjinē	*arnjōnē	*arnjinē		*arnjammiz	*arnjōmiz	*arnjammiz

Alternative reconstructions

• *arnjaz

Related terms

• *ernustuz

Descendants

• Old Norse: ern (“brisk, vigorous”)
  • Icelandic: ern (“idem”)
• Gothic: *𐌰𐍂𐌽𐍃 (*arns)
  • Gothic: 𐌰𐍂𐌽𐌹𐌱𐌰 (arniba, “certainly, securely”)