Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bītaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰéydt, from *bʰeyd- (“to split”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbiː.tɑ.nɑ̃/
• Rhymes: -iː.tɑ.nɑ̃

Verb

*bītaną

1. to bite

Inflection

Conjugation of *bītaną (strong class 1)

	active voice				passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative		indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*bītō	*bītaų	—		*bītai	?
2nd singular	*bītizi	*bītaiz	*bīt		*bītazai	*bītaizau
3rd singular	*bītidi	*bītai	*bītadau		*bītadai	*bītaidau
1st dual	*bītōz	*bītaiw	—		—	—
2nd dual	*bītadiz	*bītaidiz	*bītadiz		—	—
1st plural	*bītamaz	*bītaim	—		*bītandai	*bītaindau
2nd plural	*bītid	*bītaid	*bītid		*bītandai	*bītaindau
3rd plural	*bītandi	*bītain	*bītandau		*bītandai	*bītaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*bait	*bitį̄
2nd singular	*baist	*bitīz
3rd singular	*bait	*bitī
1st dual	*bitū	*bitīw
2nd dual	*bitudiz	*bitīdiz
1st plural	*bitum	*bitīm
2nd plural	*bitud	*bitīd
3rd plural	*bitun	*bitīn
	present	past
participles	*bītandz	*bitanaz

Derived terms

• *baitijaną
• *bītilaz (“beetle”, literally “biter”)
• *bītilaz (“bite; small piece, bit”)
• *bitiz (“bite”, noun)
  • Proto-West Germanic: *biti
• *bitô
• *bitraz

Related terms

• *baitaz/*baitą
• *baitōną
• *bitōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *bītan
  • Old English: bītan
    • Middle English: biten, byte, byten, bite, bight
      • English: bite
      • Scots: bite
  • Old Frisian: bīta
    • North Frisian: bitj (Föhr-Amrum), bite (Mooring), bit (Sylt)
    • Saterland Frisian: biete
    • West Frisian: bite
  • Old Saxon: bītan
    • Middle Low German: bîten
      • Low German: bieten
      • Plautdietsch: bieten
  • Old Dutch: *bītan
    • Middle Dutch: biten
      • Dutch: bijten
        • Afrikaans: byt
        • Berbice Creole Dutch: biti
        • Skepi Creole Dutch: bet, bit
        • →? Sranan Tongo: beti
      • Limburgish: biete
  • Old High German: bīȥan, bīȥȥan — early, pīȥan — Upper German, Alemannic, Bavarian, pīȥȥan — early, Upper German, Alemannic, Bavarian
    • Middle High German: bīȥen
      • German: beißen
      • Hunsrik: beise
      • Luxembourgish: bäissen
      • Rhine Franconian: beiße
      • Vilamovian: bȧjsa
      • Yiddish: בײַסן (baysn)
    • ⇒ Italian: bizza
• Old Norse: bíta
  • Icelandic: bíta
  • Faroese: bíta
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: bita; (dialectal) bida
  • Elfdalian: baita
  • Old Swedish: bīta
    • Swedish: bita
    • Scanian: bída
  • Old Danish: bītæ
    • Danish: bide
      • Norwegian Bokmål: bite
  • Gutnish: bäite
• Gothic: 𐌱𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (beitan)