Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dwīnaną

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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

According to Orel, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwey- (“to slip away; dwindle; die”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰew- (“to die; pass away”).[1] Given that Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰ generally becomes Proto-Germanic *w word-internally, according to Kroonen, this would rather be from Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰey- (“to decline, perish”).[2]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

*dwīnaną[2][1]

  1. to dwindle, to disappear

Inflection[edit]

Conjugation of *dwīnaną (strong class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *dwīnō *dwīnaų — *dwīnai ?
2nd singular *dwīnizi *dwīnaiz *dwīn *dwīnazai *dwīnaizau
3rd singular *dwīnidi *dwīnai *dwīnadau *dwīnadai *dwīnaidau
1st dual *dwīnōz *dwīnaiw — — —
2nd dual *dwīnadiz *dwīnaidiz *dwīnadiz — —
1st plural *dwīnamaz *dwīnaim — *dwīnandai *dwīnaindau
2nd plural *dwīnid *dwīnaid *dwīnid *dwīnandai *dwīnaindau
3rd plural *dwīnandi *dwīnain *dwīnandau *dwīnandai *dwīnaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *dwain *dwinį̄
2nd singular *dwaint *dwinīz
3rd singular *dwain *dwinī
1st dual *dwinū *dwinīw
2nd dual *dwinudiz *dwinīdiz
1st plural *dwinum *dwinīm
2nd plural *dwinud *dwinīd
3rd plural *dwinun *dwinīn
present past
participles *dwīnandz *dwinanaz

Related terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*dwīnanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 81
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*dwīnan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 112-113
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