Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gōdaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Vṛddhi gerundive of otherwise unattested strong verb *gadaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ- (“to unite, be associated, suit”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɣɔː.ðɑz/

Adjective

*gōdaz (adverb *wela, comparative *batizô, superlative *batistaz)^[1]

good
Synonym: *bataz

Antonym: *ubilaz

Inflection

Declension of *gōdaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*gōdaz	*gōdō	*gōdą, -atō	*gōdai	*gōdôz	*gōdō
accusative	*gōdanǭ	*gōdǭ	*gōdą, -atō	*gōdanz	*gōdōz	*gōdō
genitive	*gōdas, -is	*gōdaizōz	*gōdas, -is	*gōdaizǫ̂	*gōdaizǫ̂	*gōdaizǫ̂
dative	*gōdammai	*gōdaizōi	*gōdammai	*gōdaimaz	*gōdaimaz	*gōdaimaz
instrumental	*gōdanō	*gōdaizō	*gōdanō	*gōdaimiz	*gōdaimiz	*gōdaimiz

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*gōdô	*gōdǭ	*gōdô	*gōdaniz	*gōdōniz	*gōdōnō
accusative	*gōdanų	*gōdōnų	*gōdô	*gōdanunz	*gōdōnunz	*gōdōnō
genitive	*gōdiniz	*gōdōniz	*gōdiniz	*gōdanǫ̂	*gōdōnǫ̂	*gōdanǫ̂
dative	*gōdini	*gōdōni	*gōdini	*gōdammaz	*gōdōmaz	*gōdammaz
instrumental	*gōdinē	*gōdōnē	*gōdinē	*gōdammiz	*gōdōmiz	*gōdammiz

Derived terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *gōd
- Old English: gōd
  - Middle English: good, god, gode, goed, gude
    - English: good, goode (obsolete)
      - Solombala English: гудъ (gud), гутъ (gut)
    - Scots: guid
    - Yola: gooude, gude, gayde
- Old Frisian: gōd
  - North Frisian: gud, gödj, gur
  - Saterland Frisian: goud
  - West Frisian: goed
- Old Saxon: gōd, guod
  - Middle Low German: gôt
    - Low German: god, goot
      - German Low German: good
      - Dutch Low Saxon: good
- Old Dutch: guot
  - Middle Dutch: goet
    - Dutch: goed, goei (dialectal)
      - Afrikaans: goed
      - Javindo: goet
      - Jersey Dutch: xût
      - Negerhollands: goed, goei, goeie, got, gu, gue, guet
      - Skepi Creole Dutch: gut
    - Limburgish: good
    - Zealandic: goed
- Old High German: guot, cuot
  - Middle High German: guot
    - Alemannic German: guet
      Alsatian: güet (north), güat (south)
      Swabian: guat
    - Bavarian: guad, guat
      Cimbrian: guut, guat (Luserna)
      Mòcheno: guat
    - Central Franconian: jot, got, gut
      Hunsrik: gud
      Kölsch: joot
      Luxembourgish: gutt
      Transylvanian Saxon: geat, gäd
    - East Central German:
      Silesian East Central German: gutt (inflected gud-)
      ⇒ Silesian East Central German: Gudes (as in nischt Gudes, viel Gudes)
      Upper Saxon German: gudd
      Vilamovian: güt
    - German: gut
    - Yiddish: גוט (gut)
Old Norse: góðr
- Icelandic: góður
- Faroese: góður
- Norwegian: god
- Elfdalian: guoð
- Old Swedish: gōþer
  - Swedish: god, goder (dialectal, in set phrases)
- Old Danish: gōth, (Old Scanian) gōþær
  - Danish: god
  - Scanian: góðer
- Old Gutnish: gōþr
  - Gutnish: godar
Gothic: 𐌲𐍉𐌸𐍃 (gōþs)
Vandalic: *guths

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*gōda-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 184

[EDPG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*gōda-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 184

[1]