Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hukkōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *kuknéh₂-, a zero-grade iterative to Proto-Indo-European *kewk- (“to bend, curve(?)”). The strong verb *hūkaną was likely back-formed from the iterative. Related to Sanskrit कुचति (kucati, “to make crooked”), Proto-Slavic *kukati ~ Proto-Slavic *kučati (“to squat”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxuk.kɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hukkōną

1. to squat, sit hunched, cower

Inflection

The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, *hukk- against *hug-.

Conjugation of *hukkōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hukkō	*hukkǭ	—	*hukkōi	?
2nd singular	*hukkōsi	*hukkōs	*hukkō	*hukkōsai	*hukkōsau
3rd singular	*hukkōþi	*hukkō	*hukkōþau	*hukkōþai	*hukkōþau
1st dual	*hukkōs	*hukkōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hukkōþiz	*hukkōþiz	*hukkōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*hukkōmaz	*hukkōm	—	*hukkōnþai	*hukkōnþau
2nd plural	*hukkōþ	*hukkōþ	*hukkōþ	*hukkōnþai	*hukkōnþau
3rd plural	*hukkōnþi	*hukkōn	*hukkōnþau	*hukkōnþai	*hukkōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hukkōdǭ	*hukkōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*hukkōdēz	*hukkōdēdīz
3rd singular	*hukkōdē	*hukkōdēdī
1st dual	*hukkōdēdū	*hukkōdēdīw
2nd dual	*hukkōdēdudiz	*hukkōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*hukkōdēdum	*hukkōdēdīm
2nd plural	*hukkōdēdud	*hukkōdēdīd
3rd plural	*hukkōdēdun	*hukkōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*hukkōndz	*hukkōdaz

Descendants

• German: hocken
• Old Norse: hoka
  • Icelandic: hoka

References

• Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN