Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kreupaną

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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

According to Kroonen, the derivations containing -p(p)- and -b(b)- show that the root was originally Pre-Germanic *kreupp-, from Proto-Indo-European *grewbʰ-, rather than the traditionally given *grewb-.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈkreu̯.pɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb[edit]

*kreupaną[1][2]

  1. to twist, to creep

Inflection[edit]

Conjugation of *kreupaną (strong class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *kreupō *kreupaų — *kreupai ?
2nd singular *kriupizi *kreupaiz *kreup *kreupazai *kreupaizau
3rd singular *kriupidi *kreupai *kreupadau *kreupadai *kreupaidau
1st dual *kreupōz *kreupaiw — — —
2nd dual *kreupadiz *kreupaidiz *kreupadiz — —
1st plural *kreupamaz *kreupaim — *kreupandai *kreupaindau
2nd plural *kriupid *kreupaid *kriupid *kreupandai *kreupaindau
3rd plural *kreupandi *kreupain *kreupandau *kreupandai *kreupaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *kraup *krupį̄
2nd singular *krauft *krupīz
3rd singular *kraup *krupī
1st dual *krupū *krupīw
2nd dual *krupudiz *krupīdiz
1st plural *krupum *krupīm
2nd plural *krupud *krupīd
3rd plural *krupun *krupīn
present past
participles *kreupandz *krupanaz

Related terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kreupan- ~ *krūpan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 304
  2. ^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*kreupanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 221
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