Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sa

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *só.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɑ/

Determiner

*sa

1. that

Declension

Declension of *sa (irregular)

Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*sa	*þai	*sō	*þôz	*þat	*þō
Accusative	*þanǭ	*þanz	*þǭ	*þōz	*þat	*þō
Genitive	*þas	*þaizǫ̂	*þaizōz	*þaizǫ̂	*þas	*þaizǫ̂
Dative	*þammai	*þaimaz	*þaizōi	*þaimaz	*þammai	*þaimaz
Instrumental	*þanō	*þaimiz	*þaizō	*þaimiz	*þanō	*þaimiz

Related terms

• *þan
• *þar
• *þat
• *þus

See also

• *hiz
• *hwaz

Descendants

• Old English: sē, þes
  • Middle English: se, sa, si, þe, þa, þo
    • Scots: the, tha, thay, thae
    • English: the, tho, those, this
      • Nigerian Pidgin: dat
• Old Frisian: thī, thā
  • Saterland Frisian: die, do
  • West Frisian: de, dy
• Old Saxon: sē, thē, thiu, thia
  • Middle Low German: de
    • German Low German: de
• Old Dutch: thie
  • Middle Dutch: die, dat
    • Dutch: die, (dialectal) dien, de, (dialectal) den, dat, het, dit
      • Afrikaans: die, dat
• Old High German: dēr, diu, sa
  • Middle High German: der, diu
    • German: der, die
    • Yiddish: דער‏ (der)
• Old Norse: sá
  • Icelandic: sá
  • Faroese: tann, tað, sá (obsolete)
  • Old Swedish: sa (in oldest texts), þæn; þē; þæt
    • Swedish: den, det
  • Danish: den, det
  • Norwegian:
    • Bokmål: den, det
    • Nynorsk: det
  • Westrobothnian: dän, dä, hä, nä, ä
• Gothic: 𐍃𐌰 (sa)