Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/smarōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *smerōną

Etymology

Uncertain. Perhaps related to *smīlijaną (“to smile”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mey- (“to laugh”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsmɑ.rɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*smarōną

1. to mock; scoff at; deride

Inflection

Conjugation of *smarōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*smarō	*smarǭ	—	*smarōi	?
2nd singular	*smarōsi	*smarōs	*smarō	*smarōsai	*smarōsau
3rd singular	*smarōþi	*smarō	*smarōþau	*smarōþai	*smarōþau
1st dual	*smarōs	*smarōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*smarōþiz	*smarōþiz	*smarōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*smarōmaz	*smarōm	—	*smarōnþai	*smarōnþau
2nd plural	*smarōþ	*smarōþ	*smarōþ	*smarōnþai	*smarōnþau
3rd plural	*smarōnþi	*smarōn	*smarōnþau	*smarōnþai	*smarōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*smarōdǭ	*smarōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*smarōdēz	*smarōdēdīz
3rd singular	*smarōdē	*smarōdēdī
1st dual	*smarōdēdū	*smarōdēdīw
2nd dual	*smarōdēdudiz	*smarōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*smarōdēdum	*smarōdēdīm
2nd plural	*smarōdēdud	*smarōdēdīd
3rd plural	*smarōdēdun	*smarōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*smarōndz	*smarōdaz

Derived terms

• *bismarōną/*bismerōną

Descendants

Note: Many of the descendants merged this word with similar-sounding words derived from *smirwijaną.

• Old English: smerian; bismerian; bismer, bismor; smercian, smearcian
  • Middle English: bismer, bismar, bysmare, bissemare; smirken
    • Scots: bismere, bysmer; smirk, smirkle, smerkle
    • English: bismer; smirk; (besmear)
• (Old Frisian: smere)
  • (Saterland Frisian: besmeere (possibly a borrowing from Middle Low German))
  • (West Frisian: smoar; besmjirkje, besmoarkje)
• Old Saxon: *bismerōn; bismer
  • Middle Low German: besmēren
    • German Low German: besmeren
• Old Dutch: bismeron; bismer
  • (Middle Dutch: besmeren, besmaren)
    • (Dutch: besmeren, besmeuren)
• Old High German: bismarōn; bismerōn; bismar, bismer; (bismirwen)
  • Middle High German: smieren; (besmirwen, besmiren)
    • German: schmieren; (beschmieren)