Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sunuz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *suHnús (“son”), with a long vowel contraction in a pre-stressed position, per Dybo's law.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsu.nuz/

Noun

*sunuz m

1. son

Inflection

Declension of *sunuz (u-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	*sunuz	*suniwiz
vocative	*sunu	*suniwiz
accusative	*sunų	*sununz
genitive	*sunauz	*suniwǫ̂
dative	*suniwi	*sunumaz
instrumental	*sunū	*sunumiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *sunu
  • Old English: sunu
    • Middle English: sone, sune
      • English: son
      • Scots: son
  • Old Frisian: sunu
    • North Frisian:

      Föhr-Amrum: sön

      Mooring: saan

      Sylt: Seen

    • Saterland Frisian: Súun
    • West Frisian: soan
  • Old Saxon: sunu
    • Middle Low German: sune, sȫne
      • Low German: Söhn
        • German Low German: Söhn
        • Westphalian:

          Lippisch: Suhne m

          Ravensbergisch: Suone

          Sauerländisch: Suen, Seyen, Sōn

          Westmünsterländisch: Sönn, Sonn, Sonne

      • Plautdietsch: Sän
  • Old Dutch: *sunu
    • Middle Dutch: sōne
      • Dutch: zoon
        • Afrikaans: seun
        • Jersey Dutch: zőn
      • Limburgish: zoon, zoean
      • West Flemish: zeune
  • Old High German: sunu, sun
    • Middle High German: sun, suon, sūn, son
      • Alemannic German:

        Italian Walser: su, ŝchu

      • Bavarian:

        Cimbrian: zun, sun, sunn

        Mòcheno: su'

        Udinese: sun, sunn, suun

      • Central Franconian:

        Hunsrik: Sohn

      • German: Sohn
      • Rhine Franconian:

        Pennsylvania German: Soh

      • Yiddish: זון (zun)
• Old Norse: sonr, sunr
  • Icelandic: sonur, -son
  • Faroese: sonur, -son
  • Norn: son
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: son, -son; (dialectal) sun’e, sun
  • Elfdalian: sun
  • Old Swedish: sun, son
    • Swedish: son, -son
  • Danish: søn, -sen
    • Norwegian Bokmål: sønn
    • German: -sen
  • Gutnish: sun
  • → Middle English: *-son
    • English: -son
• Gothic: 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌿𐍃 (sunus)