Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/surgō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *swurgō

Etymology

From earlier *swurgō, from Proto-Indo-European *swergʰ- (“to watch over, worry; be ill, suffer”). Cognate with Lithuanian sir̃gti (“to be ill, be sick”), Polish srogi (“stern, severe, harsh”), Old Irish serg (“sickness, disease”).

Noun

*surgō f

1. worry, care, sorrow

Inflection

Declension of *surgō (ō-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	*surgō	*surgôz
vocative	*surgō	*surgôz
accusative	*surgǭ	*surgōz
genitive	*surgōz	*surgǫ̂
dative	*surgōi	*surgōmaz
instrumental	*surgō	*surgōmiz

Derived terms

• *surgāną
• *surgijaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *sorgu, *sworgu
  • Old English: sorg, sorh
    • Middle English: sorwe
      • English: sorrow
      • Middle Scots: sorow, sorrow
        • Scots: sorra
  • Old Frisian: sorge
    • Saterland Frisian: Suurge, Sourge
    • West Frisian: soarch
  • Old Saxon: sorga
    • Middle Low German: sorge
      • Low German: Sorge, Soarge, Suarge, Suare, Sōerje (all Westphalian)
      • Plautdietsch: Sorj
  • Old Dutch: sorga
    • Middle Dutch: sorge, zorge, soorge
      • Dutch: zorg
        • Afrikaans: sorg
        • Negerhollands: sorg
        • Sranan Tongo: sorgu
          • → Caribbean Hindustani: sorgu
        • → Indonesian: rawat (semantic loan)
  • Old High German: sworga, sorga
    • Middle High German: sorge
      • German: Sorge
      • Luxembourgish: Suerg
      • Yiddish: זאָרג (zorg)
• Old Norse: sorg
  • Icelandic: sorg
  • Faroese: sorg
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: sorg
  • Norwegian Bokmål: sorg
  • Old Swedish: sorgh
    • Swedish: sorg
  • Danish: sorg
• Gothic: 𐍃𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲𐌰 (saurga)
• → Proto-Finnic: *surku (see there for further descendants)