Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swimmaną

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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Indo-European *swem(bʰ)- (“to be unsteady, move, swim”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

*swimmaną[1][2]

  1. to be unsteady
  2. to swim; float

Inflection[edit]

Note: The past stem might have been later restored to *swumm-, but the forms listed are the etymologically original ones.

Conjugation of *swimmaną (strong class 3)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *swimmō *swimmaų — *swimmai ?
2nd singular *swimmizi *swimmaiz *swimm *swimmazai *swimmaizau
3rd singular *swimmidi *swimmai *swimmadau *swimmadai *swimmaidau
1st dual *swimmōz *swimmaiw — — —
2nd dual *swimmadiz *swimmaidiz *swimmadiz — —
1st plural *swimmamaz *swimmaim — *swimmandai *swimmaindau
2nd plural *swimmid *swimmaid *swimmid *swimmandai *swimmaindau
3rd plural *swimmandi *swimmain *swimmandau *swimmandai *swimmaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *swamm *summį̄
2nd singular *swammt *summīz
3rd singular *swamm *summī
1st dual *summū *summīw
2nd dual *summudiz *summīdiz
1st plural *summum *summīm
2nd plural *summud *summīd
3rd plural *summun *summīn
present past
participles *swimmandz *summanaz

Derived terms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*swimman-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 501
  2. ^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*swemmanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 394
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