Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/winnaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *wen- (“to win, achieve, overcome”); cognate with Sanskrit वनोति (vanóti, “to win, defeat, procure”). The root may be the basis of Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to love”), with semantic connection "to feel achieved with a given thing" > "to love". (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈwin.nɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*winnaną

1. to labour, toil
2. to win, gain
3. to fight, strive

Inflection

Conjugation of *winnaną (strong class 3)

	active voice				passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative		indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*winnō	*winnaų	—		*winnai	?
2nd singular	*winnizi	*winnaiz	*winn		*winnazai	*winnaizau
3rd singular	*winnidi	*winnai	*winnadau		*winnadai	*winnaidau
1st dual	*winnōz	*winnaiw	—		—	—
2nd dual	*winnadiz	*winnaidiz	*winnadiz		—	—
1st plural	*winnamaz	*winnaim	—		*winnandai	*winnaindau
2nd plural	*winnid	*winnaid	*winnid		*winnandai	*winnaindau
3rd plural	*winnandi	*winnain	*winnandau		*winnandai	*winnaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*wann	*wunnį̄
2nd singular	*wannt	*wunnīz
3rd singular	*wann	*wunnī
1st dual	*wunnū	*wunnīw
2nd dual	*wunnudiz	*wunnīdiz
1st plural	*wunnum	*wunnīm
2nd plural	*wunnud	*wunnīd
3rd plural	*wunnun	*wunnīn
	present	past
participles	*winnandz	*wunnanaz

Derived terms

• *gawinnaną
• *wundō
• *wunniz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *winnan
  • Old English: winnan
    • Middle English: winnen
      • English: win
      • Scots: win
  • Old Frisian: winna
    • Saterland Frisian: winne
    • West Frisian: winne
  • Old Saxon: winnan
    • Middle Low German: winnen
      • Low German: winnen
      • German Low German: winnen
  • Old Dutch: winnan
    • Middle Dutch: winnen
      • Dutch: winnen
        • Afrikaans: wen, win
        • Berbice Creole Dutch: won
        • Negerhollands: win, wind
        • → Sranan Tongo: wini
          • → Caribbean Javanese: wini
          • → Kari'na: winimary
      • Limburgish: winne
  • Old High German: winnan
    • Middle High German: winnen
      • German: winnen (archaic)
• Old Norse: vinna
  • Icelandic: vinna
  • Faroese: vinna
  • Norwegian: vinne
  • Old Swedish: vinna
    • Swedish: vinna; vinne (dialectal)
  • Old Danish: winnæ
    • Danish: vinde
• Gothic: 𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (winnan)