Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wulfaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *wúlpos, from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”). Changes: *wúlkʷos > *wúlpos > *wulfaz (analogically: *pénkʷe > *pémpe > *fimf). If *wúlkʷos didn't change to *wúlpos, it would look like **wulhwaz in Proto-Germanic.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈwul.ɸɑz/

Noun

*wulfaz m

1. wolf

Inflection

Declension of *wulfaz (masculine a-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	*wulfaz	*wulfōz, *wulfōs
vocative	*wulf	*wulfōz, *wulfōs
accusative	*wulfą	*wulfanz
genitive	*wulfas, *wulfis	*wulfǫ̂
dative	*wulfai	*wulfamaz
instrumental	*wulfō	*wulfamiz

Derived terms

• *Audawulfaz
• *Aþalawulfaz
• *Gunþiwulfaz
• *Hariwulfaz, *Harjawulfaz
• *Haþuwulfaz
• *Heruwulfaz
• *Hrōþiwulfaz
• *Landawulfaz
• *Nanþawulfaz
• *Rēdawulfaz
• *Uzdawulfaz
• *Wiljawulfaz
• *Wulfagaizaz
• *Wulfagangaz
• *Wulfarīks

Related terms

• *wulgī
• *wulbī

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *wulf
  • Old English: wulf
    • Middle English: wolf, wolfe, woulf, wulf
      • English: wolf, wolve (rare)
        • → Ido: volfo (also from German)
        • → Marshallese: oļip
      • Middle Scots: wolf, woulf
        • Scots: wouf, oof, ouf, woof
  • Old Frisian: wolf
    • Saterland Frisian: Wulf
    • West Frisian: wolf
  • Old Saxon: wulf
    • Middle Low German: wulf
      • Low German:
        • German Low German:

          Hamburgisch: Wulf

        • Westphalian:

          Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Wulf

          Suerländer-Märkisch: Wulf

          Westmünsterländisch: Wulf

      • Plautdietsch: Wulf
  • Old Dutch: *wulf
    • Middle Dutch: wolf
      • Dutch: wolf
        • Afrikaans: wolf
        • Jersey Dutch: wâlf
        • Negerhollands: wuluwuluk
          • → Virgin Islands Creole: wuluwuluk (dated)
      • Limburgish: wólf
  • Old High German: wolf
    • Middle High German: wolf
      • Alemannic German: wolf (Italian Walser)
      • Bavarian: Woif, Wolf

        Cimbrian: bolf

        Mòcheno: bolf

        Udinese: bolf, bölf

      • German: Wolf
      • Hunsrik: Wollef
      • Luxembourgish: Wollef
      • Pennsylvania German: Wolf
      • Vilamovian: wūf
      • Yiddish: וואָלף (volf)
• Proto-Norse: *ᚹᚢᛚᚠᚨᛉ (*wulfaʀ)
  • Old Norse: ulfr, úlfr
    • Icelandic: úlfur
    • Faroese: úlvur
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: ulv; (dialectal) úv'e, olv, ålv
    • Norwegian Bokmål: ulv
    • Elfdalian: ulv
    • Old Swedish: ulver
      • Swedish: ulv
    • Old Danish: ulv
      • Danish: ulv
    • Gutnish: ulv, ålv
• Gothic: 𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍆𐍃 (wulfs)