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Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)peh₂-

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

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    Root

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    *(s)peh₂-[1][2]

    1. to draw, violently set in motion

    Derived terms

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    Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)peh₂- (5 c, 0 e)
    • *spéh₂-dʰh₁-e-ti[3][4]
      • ⇒ *sph₂dʰh₁-éh₂
        • Proto-Germanic: *spadô (“spade”) (see there for further descendants)
        • Proto-Hellenic: *spátʰā (“blade”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *(s)pḗh₂-s-t ~ *(s)péh₂-s-n̥t (s-aorist)[1]
    • *(s)ph₂-yé-ti (zero-grade ye-present)[1] or *(s)ph₂-yé-ti (secondary eye-causative/iterative?)[5]
      • Proto-Hellenic:
        • Ancient Greek: σπάω (spáō, “to draw (a sword)”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *(s)pí-ph₂-e-ti (i-reduplicated thematic root present)[5]
      • Proto-Anatolian:
      • ⇒ Proto-Armenian: *pānem (secondary ne-present[5][8])
        • >? Old Armenian: հանեմ (hanem, “to draw, pull out”) (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pípHtay ~ *pípʰHatay
    • *(s)péh₂-tl-eh₂
      • Proto-Germanic: *spōlǭ (“spool, reel”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *(s)péh₂-tr̥ ~ *(s)ph₂-tén-s[9]
    • *(s)ph₂-yó-s[4]
      • ⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *spʰyám
        • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *spʰyám

    References

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    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*(s)peh₂-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 575: “Aorist *(s)peh₂-/(s)ph₂-; Präsens *(s)ph₂-yé-”
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “σπάω, σπάομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1378: “*(s)peh₂- 'to draw, set in motion (violently)'”
    3. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “σπάθη”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1374: “*sph₂-, with a suffix *-d(h₁)-”
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*spadan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 464: “The word seems to have come about as a compound of the roots *speh₂- (cf. Gr. σπάω (spáō) ‘to draw, (e.g. a sword), to pull; to suck in, slurp down’) and *dʰh₁- ‘to put’.”
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Serangeli, Matilde; Thomas Olander (1 January 2020), Dispersals and Diversification: Linguistic and Archaeological Perspectives on the Early Stages of Indo-European‎[2], Brill, →DOI, →ISBN, page 84 of 83-85: “Present 3sg. *pí-ph₂-e → *péh₂-no/e-”
    6. ^ Kimball, Sara (2017–2018), “Chapter IV: Anatolian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The phonology of Anatolian, page 253: “PIE *pe-pH1/3o-”
    7. ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “pippa-i/pipp-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 676-677
    8. ^ Kocharov, Petr (15 November 2023), “On the markedness of tense-aspect stems in Classical Armenian”, in Indo-European Linguistics‎[3], volume 11, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, page 112: “PA prs. *ph₂-nHe/o-”
    9. ^ Kroonen, Guus (26 September 2017), “The development of the Proto-Indo-European instrumental suffix in Germanic”, in Indogermanische Forschungen‎[4], volume 122, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, page 108
    10. ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “išpātar / išpann-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 411

    Further reading

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