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Proto-Indo-European [ edit ] *-t (perfective )[ 1]
Forms athematic perfective verbs from roots.
Perfective, athematic
3rd singular
*(é)-t
3rd plural
*(Ø)-ént
Active voice
Indicative
Imperative
Subjunctive
Optative
1st singular
*(é)-m̥
—
*(é)-oh₂
*(Ø)-yéh₁m̥
2nd singular
*(é)-s
*(é)- , *(Ø)-dʰí
*(é)-esi
*(Ø)-yéh₁s
3rd singular
*(é)-t
*(é)-tu
*(é)-eti
*(Ø)-yéh₁t
1st dual
*(Ø)-wé
—
*(é)-owos
*(Ø)-ih₁wé
2nd dual
*(Ø)-tóm
*(Ø)-tóm
*(é)-etes
*(Ø)-ih₁tóm
3rd dual
*(Ø)-tā́m
*(Ø)-tā́m
*(é)-etes
*(Ø)-ih₁tā́m
1st plural
*(Ø)-mé
—
*(é)-omos
*(Ø)-ih₁mé
2nd plural
*(Ø)-té
*(Ø)-té
*(é)-ete
*(Ø)-ih₁té
3rd plural
*(Ø)-ént
*(Ø)-éntu
*(é)-onti
*(Ø)-ih₁ént
Participle
*(Ø)-ónts
Middle voice
Indicative
Imperative
Subjunctive
Optative
1st singular
*(Ø)-h₂é
—
*(é)-oh₂er
*(Ø)-ih₁h₂é
2nd singular
*(Ø)-th₂é
*(Ø)-só
*(é)-eth₂er
*(Ø)-ih₁th₂é
3rd singular
*(Ø)-tó , *(Ø)-ó
*?
*(é)-etor
*(Ø)-ih₁tó , *(Ø)-ih₁ó
1st dual
*(Ø)-wédʰh₂
—
*(é)-owosdʰh₂
*(Ø)-ih₁wédʰh₂
2nd dual
*?
*?
*?
*?
3rd dual
*?
*?
*?
*?
1st plural
*(Ø)-médʰh₂
—
*(é)-omosdʰh₂
*(Ø)-ih₁médʰh₂
2nd plural
*(Ø)-dʰh₂wé
*(Ø)-dʰh₂wé
*(é)-edʰh₂we
*(Ø)-ih₁dʰh₂wé
3rd plural
*(Ø)-n̥tó , *(Ø)-ró
*?
*(é)-ontor
*(Ø)-ih₁ró
Participle
*(Ø)-m̥h₁nós
^ Kapović, Mate (2017 ), “Part 1 Chapter 2: Proto-Indo-European morphology”, in Kapović, Mate , editor, The Indo-European Languages (Routledge Language Family Series), 2nd edition, London, New York: Routledge, →ISBN 96
