Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰedʰh₂-

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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

The root is considered to be a member of the so-called molō-present class[4]―roots which conjugate with the early h₂e-conjugation in present and exhibit R(e/o)-ablaut.

Root[edit]

*bʰedʰh₂-[5]

  1. to dig, burrow
  2. to pierce, stab

Derived terms[edit]

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰedʰh₂-‎ (3 c, 0 e)
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰedʰ-‎ (6 c, 0 e)
  • *bʰédʰh₂-e-ti (root thematic present)[5]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bestei (“to pierce, stab”)
  • *bʰédʰh₂-os
  • *bʰódʰh₂-r̥ ~ *bʰédʰh₂-n̥s
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰádʰHr̥ ~ *bʰádʰHas
      • Proto-Iranian: *bádHr̥ ~ *bádHah (“spade, shovel”) (see there for further descendants)
  • >? *bʰodʰh₂-wo-s[11]
    • Proto-Celtic: *bodwos (“fight”)[12][11]
      • Old Breton: bodou (“crow”)
      • Middle Irish: bodb (“goddess of death in war”)
    • Proto-Germanic: *badwō (“battle, fight”)[13] (see there for further descendants)
  • >? *bʰodʰh₂-yó-m (possibly[14], or perhaps < *bʰh₁-tó-s < *bʰeh₁- (“to warm”)[15])
    • Proto-Germanic: *badją (“bed, bedding”) (see there for further descendants)

References[edit]

  1. ^ Kölligan, Daniel (2017–2018) “Chapter XX: Proto-Indo-European”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Proto-Indo-European, page 2249
  2. ^ Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 372
  3. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “bhedh-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 113-114
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Jay Jasanoff, Hittite and the Indo-European Verb, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2003, page 74
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*bʰedʰh₂-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 66
  6. ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, / padd-/mode/1up?view=theater page padda-ⁱ / padd- of 654-655
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “fodiō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 229
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “p‘os”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 652-653
  9. ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (1999) “ˣpāto”, in A dictionary of Tocharian B (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 391
  10. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*bedo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 59-60
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*bodwo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 70
  12. ^ Koch, John (2004) “*bodwā-, *bodwo-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda‎[1], University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
  13. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*badwō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 47
  14. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*badja”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 46
  15. ^ Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) “bed”, in An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 201 of 33-34
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