Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰorós

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰóros

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *bʰer- (“to carry”) +‎ *-ós (agentive adjective suffix).

Adjective

*bʰorós

1. carrying, bearing

Inflection

Thematic
	masculine	feminine
nominative	*bʰorós	*bʰoréh₂
genitive	*bʰorósyo	*bʰoréh₂s
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*bʰorós	*bʰoróh₁	*bʰoróes
vocative	*bʰoré	*bʰoróh₁	*bʰoróes
accusative	*bʰoróm	*bʰoróh₁	*bʰoróms
genitive	*bʰorósyo	*?	*bʰoróHom
ablative	*bʰoréad	*?	*bʰorómos, *bʰoróbʰos
dative	*bʰoróey	*?	*bʰorómos, *bʰoróbʰos
locative	*bʰoréy, *bʰoróy	*?	*bʰoróysu
instrumental	*bʰoróh₁	*?	*bʰorṓys
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*bʰoréh₂	*bʰoréh₂h₁(e)	*bʰoréh₂es
vocative	*bʰoréh₂	*bʰoréh₂h₁(e)	*bʰoréh₂es
accusative	*bʰorā́m	*bʰoréh₂h₁(e)	*bʰoréh₂m̥s
genitive	*bʰoréh₂s	*?	*bʰoréh₂oHom
ablative	*bʰoréh₂s	*?	*bʰoréh₂mos, *bʰoréh₂bʰos
dative	*bʰoréh₂ey	*?	*bʰoréh₂mos, *bʰoréh₂bʰos
locative	*bʰoréh₂, *bʰoréh₂i	*?	*bʰoréh₂su
instrumental	*bʰoréh₂h₁	*?	*bʰoréh₂mis, *bʰoréh₂bʰis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*bʰoróm	*bʰoróy(h₁)	*bʰoréh₂
vocative	*bʰoróm	*bʰoróy(h₁)	*bʰoréh₂
accusative	*bʰoróm	*bʰoróy(h₁)	*bʰoréh₂
genitive	*bʰorósyo	*?	*bʰoróHom
ablative	*bʰoréad	*?	*bʰorómos, *bʰoróbʰos
dative	*bʰoróey	*?	*bʰorómos, *bʰoróbʰos
locative	*bʰoréy, *bʰoróy	*?	*bʰoróysu
instrumental	*bʰoróh₁	*?	*bʰorṓys

Descendants

• Proto-Hellenic: *pʰorós
  • Ancient Greek: φορός (phorós, “bearing, carrying, tending”)
• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰārás
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰārás
    • Sanskrit: भार (bhārá-, “bearing, carrying, bringing; bestowing, granting; burden, load, weight”)
  • Proto-Iranian: *bāráh
    • Avestan: 𐬠𐬁𐬭𐬀 (bāra), -𐬠𐬁𐬭𐬀 (-bāra) (e.g. 𐬙𐬌𐬲𐬌𐬹𐬠𐬁𐬭𐬀 (tiži bāra, “(lit)sharp-bringer; sharpness”))
    • Old Median: *-βārə́h
    • Parthian: (/⁠-βār ~ -wār⁠/) (e.g. 𐫢𐫀𐫍𐫇𐫀𐫡 (šʾhwʾr /⁠šāhwār⁠/, “(lit.)king-bringer; royal”), 𐫘𐫇𐫃𐫁𐫀𐫡 (swgbʾr /⁠sōgβār⁠/, “sadness-bringer; sad”), 𐭀𐭎𐭁𐭀𐭓 (ʾsbʾr /⁠asβār⁠/, “(lit.)hore-bringer; knight”))

      Inscriptional Parthian script: -𐭁𐭀𐭓 (-bʾr)

      Manichaean script: -𐫁𐫀𐫡 (-bʾr), -𐫂𐫀𐫡 (-βʾr), -𐫇𐫀𐫡 (-wʾr)

    • Old Persian: *-𐎲𐎠𐎼 (*-b-a-r /⁠*bāra⁠/) (e.g. 𐎠𐎿𐎲𐎠𐎼 (a-s-b-a-r /⁠asabāra⁠/))
      • Middle Persian: (/⁠-bār ~ -wār⁠/)(e.g. [Book Pahlavi needed] ('swb'l /⁠aswār⁠/), [Term?])

        Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (b'l), [Book Pahlavi needed] (w'l)

        Manichaean script: -𐫁𐫀𐫡 (-bʾr), -𐫇𐫀𐫡 (-wʾr)

        • Classical Persian: ـوار (-wār)

          Persian: ـوار (-wār, -vār)

          Tajik: -вор (-vor)

• Proto-Italic: *-foros
  • Latin: -fer