Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰédʰeh₁ti
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Athematic e-reduplicated present of *dʰeh₁- (“to do; to put, place”).
Verb
[edit]*dʰédʰeh₁ti (imperfective)[1]
Conjugation
[edit]| Imperfective, athematic | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd singular | *dʰédʰeh₁ti | ||||
| 3rd plural | *dʰédʰh₁n̥ti | ||||
| Active voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *dʰédʰeh₁mi | *dʰédʰeh₁m̥ | — | *dʰédʰeh₁oh₂ | *dʰédʰyeh₁m̥ |
| 2nd singular | *dʰédʰeh₁si | *dʰédʰeh₁s | *dʰédʰeh₁, *dʰédʰh₁dʰi | *dʰédʰeh₁esi | *dʰédʰyeh₁s |
| 3rd singular | *dʰédʰeh₁ti | *dʰédʰeh₁t | *dʰédʰeh₁tu | *dʰédʰeh₁eti | *dʰédʰyeh₁t |
| 1st dual | *dʰédʰh₁wos | *dʰédʰh₁we | — | *dʰédʰeh₁owos | *dʰédʰh₁ih₁we |
| 2nd dual | *dʰédʰh₁tes | *dʰédʰh₁tom | *dʰédʰh₁tom | *dʰédʰeh₁etes | *dʰédʰh₁ih₁tom |
| 3rd dual | *dʰédʰh₁tes | *dʰédʰh₁tām | *dʰédʰh₁tām | *dʰédʰeh₁etes | *dʰédʰh₁ih₁tām |
| 1st plural | *dʰédʰh₁mos | *dʰédʰh₁me | — | *dʰédʰeh₁omos | *dʰédʰh₁ih₁me |
| 2nd plural | *dʰédʰh₁te | *dʰédʰh₁te | *dʰédʰh₁te | *dʰédʰeh₁ete | *dʰédʰh₁ih₁te |
| 3rd plural | *dʰédʰh₁n̥ti | *dʰédʰh₁n̥t | *dʰédʰh₁n̥tu | *dʰédʰeh₁onti | *dʰédʰh₁ih₁n̥t |
| Participle | *dʰédʰh₁n̥ts | ||||
| Middle voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *dʰédʰh₁h₂er | *dʰédʰh₁h₂e | — | *dʰédʰeh₁oh₂er | *dʰédʰh₁ih₁h₂e |
| 2nd singular | *dʰédʰh₁th₂er | *dʰédʰh₁th₂e | *dʰédʰh₁so | *dʰédʰeh₁eth₂er | *dʰédʰh₁ih₁th₂e |
| 3rd singular | *dʰédʰh₁tor, *dʰédʰh₁or | *dʰédʰh₁to, *dʰédʰh₁o | *? | *dʰédʰeh₁etor | *dʰédʰh₁ih₁to, *dʰédʰh₁ih₁o |
| 1st dual | *dʰédʰh₁wosdʰh₂ | *dʰédʰh₁wedʰh₂ | — | *dʰédʰeh₁owosdʰh₂ | *dʰédʰh₁ih₁wedʰh₂ |
| 2nd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 3rd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 1st plural | *dʰédʰh₁mosdʰh₂ | *dʰédʰh₁medʰh₂ | — | *dʰédʰeh₁omosdʰh₂ | *dʰédʰh₁ih₁medʰh₂ |
| 2nd plural | *dʰédʰh₁dʰh₂we | *dʰédʰh₁dʰh₂we | *dʰédʰh₁dʰh₂we | *dʰédʰeh₁edʰh₂we | *dʰédʰh₁ih₁dʰh₂we |
| 3rd plural | *dʰédʰh₁n̥tor, *dʰédʰh₁ror | *dʰédʰh₁n̥to, *dʰédʰh₁ro | *? | *dʰédʰeh₁ontor | *dʰédʰh₁ih₁ro |
| Participle | *dʰédʰh₁m̥h₁nos | ||||
Alternative reconstructions
[edit]Reconstruction notes
[edit]According to Beekes, the i-reduplication of the Greek form is probably more archaic, as he argues that the Sanskrit term could have adopted the initial dá- from the third-plural form दध॑ति (dádhati).[2] However, the linguist Jeremy Rau instead suggests that acquisition of i-reduplication in Greek was a secondary development on the model of other forms in Greek such as μίμνω (mímnō).[5]
Descendants
[edit]- Proto-Celtic: *didīti (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *dedē (past tense of *dōną, from imperfect; possibly also the source of the past tense suffix of weak verbs) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *títʰēmi
- Ancient Greek: τίθημι (títhēmi)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰádʰaHti (see there for further descendants)
Derived terms
[edit]- ? ⇒ *ḱred-dʰé-dʰoh₁-ti (“to place trust in, believe”) (+ *ḱḗr (“heart”)) (perhaps)[6][7]
References
[edit]- ^ Ringe, Donald (2006), From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)[1], 1st edition, Oxford: University Press, →ISBN, page 158
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “τίθημι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1482-3: “*dʰí-dʰeh₁-mi”
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*dōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 98: “3sg. *dʰi-dʰéh₁-ti, 3pl. *dʰé-dʰh₁-enti.”
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*dʰeh₁-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 136: “*dʰé-dʰoh₁/dʰh₁-”
- ^ Rau, Jeremy (12 March 2010), “Greek and Proto-Indo-European”, in Bakker, Egbert J., editor, A Companion to the Ancient Greek Language[3], Blackwell Publishing, , →ISBN, page 185
- ^ Wodtko, Dagmar S.; Irslinger, Britta; Schneider, Carolin (2008), “*kḗr, *kr̥d-́ n. 'Herz'”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon][4] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, page 418
- ^ Schumacher, Stefan; Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004), “Urinselkelt. *-dī- 'setzen'”, in Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Meid, →ISBN, page 418