Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
[edit]Etymology
[edit]The root is unknown. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
The Tocharian descendants point to a variant *ǵʰn̥dwéh₂-, which has a metathetical relationship to *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂-, but it is unknown whether the metathesis occurred in the branch leading to Tocharian or that leading to the rest of Nuclear Indo-European. On the other hand, Proto-Germanic *tungǭ could point to a different formation from the same root, *dn̥ǵʰ-éh₂-(m̥/n̥), rather than being a direct descendant from here.
Noun
[edit]*dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s f (oblique stem *dn̥ǵʰuh₂-)[1]
Alternative reconstructions
[edit]Reconstruction notes
[edit]- None of the descendants reflect the form reconstructed here exactly by regular sound laws only; Old Latin dinguā comes the closest (only lacking nominative *-s). Onomatopoeic effects and parallel contaminations from *leyǵʰ- (“to lick”) explain many but not all of these irregularities.
Inflection
[edit]| Athematic, hysterokinetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | |||
| nominative | *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s | ||
| genitive | *dn̥ǵʰuh₂és | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s | *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂h₁(e) | *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂es |
| vocative | *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂ | *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂h₁(e) | *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂es |
| accusative | *dn̥ǵʰwā́m | *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂h₁(e) | *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂m̥s |
| genitive | *dn̥ǵʰuh₂és | *? | *dn̥ǵʰuh₂óHom |
| ablative | *dn̥ǵʰuh₂és | *? | *dn̥ǵʰuh₂mós, *dn̥ǵʰuh₂bʰós |
| dative | *dn̥ǵʰuh₂éy | *? | *dn̥ǵʰuh₂mós, *dn̥ǵʰuh₂bʰós |
| locative | *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂, *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂i | *? | *dn̥ǵʰuh₂sú |
| instrumental | *dn̥ǵʰuh₂éh₁ | *? | *dn̥ǵʰuh₂mís, *dn̥ǵʰuh₂bʰís |
Descendants
[edit]- Proto-Armenian:
- Old Armenian: լեզու (lezu) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *inźūˀs (< obl. *dn̥ǵʰuh₂-) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Celtic: *tangʷāss (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *tungǭ (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáH (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *dn̥ɣwā (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Tocharian: *käntwo (see there for further descendants)
See also
[edit]- *leyǵʰ- (“to lick”)
- *h₃dónts (“tooth”)
- *dʰǵʰúHs (“fish”)
- *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth; human”)
- *dʰengʰ- (“to cover”)
References
[edit]- ^ Ringe, Donald (2006), From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)[1], 1st edition, Oxford: University Press, →ISBN, pages 90-91: “*dn̥ǵʰwéh₂-”
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “lingua”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 343: “*dnǵʰ-uh₂”
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*tangʷāt-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 368: “*dnǵʰuh₂-”
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “tungōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 526-527
Further reading
[edit]- Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “Tongue”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 594