Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Noun

*dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s f (oblique stem *dn̥ǵʰuh₂-)

1. tongue

Inflection

Athematic, hysterokinetic
	singular
nominative	*dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s
genitive	*dn̥ǵʰuh₂és
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s	*dn̥ǵʰwéh₂h₁(e)	*dn̥ǵʰwéh₂es
vocative	*dn̥ǵʰwéh₂	*dn̥ǵʰwéh₂h₁(e)	*dn̥ǵʰwéh₂es
accusative	*dn̥ǵʰwā́m	*dn̥ǵʰwéh₂h₁(e)	*dn̥ǵʰwéh₂m̥s
genitive	*dn̥ǵʰuh₂és	*?	*dn̥ǵʰuh₂óHom
ablative	*dn̥ǵʰuh₂és	*?	*dn̥ǵʰuh₂mós, *dn̥ǵʰuh₂bʰós
dative	*dn̥ǵʰuh₂éy	*?	*dn̥ǵʰuh₂mós, *dn̥ǵʰuh₂bʰós
locative	*dn̥ǵʰwéh₂, *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂i	*?	*dn̥ǵʰuh₂sú
instrumental	*dn̥ǵʰuh₂éh₁	*?	*dn̥ǵʰuh₂mís, *dn̥ǵʰuh₂bʰís

Descendants

• Armenian:
  • Old Armenian: լեզու (lezu) (influenced by լիզեմ (lizem, “to lick”))
    • Armenian: լեզու (lezu)
• Proto-Balto-Slavic: *inźūˀ (from earlier *dinźūˀ, with regular loss of d- before -n̥-) (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Celtic: *tangʷāss (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Germanic: *tungǭ (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáH (see there for further descendants) (disputed, but Nuristani evidence points to *diȷ́ʰwáH)
• Proto-Italic: *denɣwā (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Tocharian: *käntwo (perhaps from earlier *tänkwo) (see there for further descendants)

See also

• *leyǵʰ- (“to lick”)
• *h₃dónts (“tooth”)
• *dʰǵʰúHs (“fish”)
• *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth; human”)
• *dʰengʰ- (“to cover”)

Further reading

• Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “Tongue”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 594