Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂énǵʰus

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *h₂enǵʰ- (“narrow, tight”) +‎ *-us (Caland system suffix).

Adjective

*h₂énǵʰus

1. narrow, tight

Inflection

Older proterokinetic pattern:

Athematic, proterokinetic
	masculine	feminine
nominative	*h₂énǵʰus	*h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂
genitive	*h₂n̥ǵʰéws	*h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂s
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*h₂énǵʰus	*h₂énǵʰuh₁(e)	*h₂énǵʰewes
vocative	*h₂énǵʰu	*h₂énǵʰuh₁(e)	*h₂énǵʰewes
accusative	*h₂énǵʰum	*h₂énǵʰuh₁(e)	*h₂énǵʰums
genitive	*h₂n̥ǵʰéws	*?	*h₂n̥ǵʰéwoHom
ablative	*h₂n̥ǵʰéws	*?	*h₂n̥ǵʰúmos, *h₂n̥ǵʰúbʰos
dative	*h₂n̥ǵʰéwey	*?	*h₂n̥ǵʰúmos, *h₂n̥ǵʰúbʰos
locative	*h₂n̥ǵʰéw, *h₂n̥ǵʰéwi	*?	*h₂n̥ǵʰúsu
instrumental	*h₂n̥ǵʰúh₁	*?	*h₂n̥ǵʰúmis, *h₂n̥ǵʰúbʰis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂	*h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂h₁(e)	*h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂es
vocative	*h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂	*h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂h₁(e)	*h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂es
accusative	*h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂m̥	*h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂h₁(e)	*h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂m̥s
genitive	*h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂s	*?	*h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂oHom
ablative	*h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂s	*?	*h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂mos, *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂bʰos
dative	*h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂ey	*?	*h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂mos, *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂bʰos
locative	*h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂, *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂i	*?	*h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂su
instrumental	*h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂h₁	*?	*h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂mis, *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂bʰis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*h₂énǵʰu	*h₂énǵʰwih₁	*h₂énǵʰuh₂
vocative	*h₂énǵʰu	*h₂énǵʰwih₁	*h₂énǵʰuh₂
accusative	*h₂énǵʰu	*h₂énǵʰwih₁	*h₂énǵʰuh₂
genitive	*h₂n̥ǵʰéws	*?	*h₂n̥ǵʰéwoHom
ablative	*h₂n̥ǵʰéws	*?	*h₂n̥ǵʰúmos, *h₂n̥ǵʰúbʰos
dative	*h₂n̥ǵʰéwey	*?	*h₂n̥ǵʰúmos, *h₂n̥ǵʰúbʰos
locative	*h₂n̥ǵʰéw, *h₂n̥ǵʰéwi	*?	*h₂n̥ǵʰúsu
instrumental	*h₂n̥ǵʰúh₁	*?	*h₂n̥ǵʰúmis, *h₂n̥ǵʰúbʰis

Later hysterokinetic pattern:

Athematic, hysterokinetic
	masculine	feminine
nominative	*h₂n̥ǵʰús	*h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂
genitive	*h₂n̥ǵʰéws	*h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂s
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*h₂n̥ǵʰús	*h₂n̥ǵʰúh₁(e)	*h₂n̥ǵʰúes
vocative	*h₂n̥ǵʰú	*h₂n̥ǵʰúh₁(e)	*h₂n̥ǵʰúes
accusative	*h₂n̥ǵʰúm	*h₂n̥ǵʰúh₁(e)	*h₂n̥ǵʰúms
genitive	*h₂n̥ǵʰéws	*?	*h₂n̥ǵʰéwoHom
ablative	*h₂n̥ǵʰéws	*?	*h₂n̥ǵʰéwmos, *h₂n̥ǵʰéwbʰos
dative	*h₂n̥ǵʰéwey	*?	*h₂n̥ǵʰéwmos, *h₂n̥ǵʰéwbʰos
locative	*h₂n̥ǵʰéw, *h₂n̥ǵʰéwi	*?	*h₂n̥ǵʰéwsu
instrumental	*h₂n̥ǵʰéwh₁	*?	*h₂n̥ǵʰéwmis, *h₂n̥ǵʰéwbʰis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂	*h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂h₁(e)	*h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂es
vocative	*h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂	*h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂h₁(e)	*h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂es
accusative	*h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂m̥	*h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂h₁(e)	*h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂m̥s
genitive	*h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂s	*?	*h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂oHom
ablative	*h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂s	*?	*h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂mos, *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂bʰos
dative	*h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂ey	*?	*h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂mos, *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂bʰos
locative	*h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂, *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂i	*?	*h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂su
instrumental	*h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂h₁	*?	*h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂mis, *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂bʰis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*h₂n̥ǵʰú	*h₂n̥ǵʰúyh₁	*h₂n̥ǵʰúh₂
vocative	*h₂n̥ǵʰú	*h₂n̥ǵʰúyh₁	*h₂n̥ǵʰúh₂
accusative	*h₂n̥ǵʰú	*h₂n̥ǵʰúyh₁	*h₂n̥ǵʰúh₂
genitive	*h₂n̥ǵʰéws	*?	*h₂n̥ǵʰéwoHom
ablative	*h₂n̥ǵʰéws	*?	*h₂n̥ǵʰéwmos, *h₂n̥ǵʰéwbʰos
dative	*h₂n̥ǵʰéwey	*?	*h₂n̥ǵʰéwmos, *h₂n̥ǵʰéwbʰos
locative	*h₂n̥ǵʰéw, *h₂n̥ǵʰéwi	*?	*h₂n̥ǵʰéwsu
instrumental	*h₂n̥ǵʰéwh₁	*?	*h₂n̥ǵʰéwmis, *h₂n̥ǵʰéwbʰis

Alternative reconstructions

• *h₂émǵʰus

Descendants

• Armenian:
  • Old Armenian: անձուկ (anjuk, “narrow, tight”)
• Balto-Slavic:
  • Lithuanian: ankštas
  • Proto-Slavic: *ǫzъkъ (see there for further descendants)
  • → Finnic: *ahtas (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Celtic: *angus (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Germanic: *anguz (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hánȷ́ʰuš
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hánźʰuṣ
    • Sanskrit: अंहु (áṃhu)