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Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂el-

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂elh₂-

Proto-Indo-European

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Etymology 1

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    Root

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    *h₂el- (imperfective)[1]

    1. to grow, nourish
    Derived terms
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    Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂el- (grow) (209 c, 0 e)
    • *h₂él-e-ti (thematic root present)
    • *h₂ol-éye-ti (causative)
      • Proto-Germanic: *aljaną (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Italic: *oleō (see there for further descendants)
    • *h₂el-mn̥-to-m
    • *h₂el-mo-s
      • Proto-Italic: *almos
        • Latin: almus (see there for further descendants)
    • *h₂él-ti-s ~ *h₂l̥-téy-s
      • Proto-Germanic: *aldiz (see there for further descendants)
    • *h₂el-tó-s
      • Proto-Celtic: *altos (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Germanic: *aldaz (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Italic: *altos
        • Latin: altus (see there for further descendants)
    • *h₂el-dʰr-o-m or *h₂el-tr-ó-m
      • Proto-Germanic: *aldrą (see there for further descendants)
    • *h₂el-wó-s
      • Proto-Italic: *alwos (perhaps)
        • Latin: alvus (see there for further descendants)
    • *h₂el-i-
    • *h₂el-dʰ-

    References

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    1. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 262

    Further reading

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    Etymology 2

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      Root

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      *h₂el-[1]

      1. beyond, other
      Alternative reconstructions
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      • *ál (“elsewhere”),[2] *ól (“over there; far”)[3]
      Derived terms
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      Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂el- (other) (92 c, 0 e)
      • *h₂él-yo-s (“other”)
      • *h₂el-en-o- ~ *h₂el-n-o- (various thematic n-stem derivatives)
        • ⇒? Proto-Balto-Slavic: (or from *h₂ól-h₁n-, with postfixed *h₁én)
          • Proto-Slavic: *olni (“last year”, adverb, originally loc. sg. noun) (see there for further descendants)
        • Proto-Celtic: *alnos (“other”) (see there for further descendants)
        • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háranas (reflecting *h₂élenos)
        • Proto-Italic: *olnos (“that”, pronoun) (reflecting either *h₂ol-no-s or *h₂l̥-no-s)
        • ⇒ Proto-Tocharian: *ālle-kä (“other”) (with *-kä)[4]
      • *h₂él-(i)-tero-s (compare *h₂él-yo-s and below)
        • Proto-Italic: *al(i)teros (“other (of two)”) (see there for further descendants)
      • *h₂ol-tero-s
      Unsorted formations
      • Proto-Tocharian: [Term?] (“otherwise”)[6]

      References

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      1. ^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 112
      2. ^ Dunkel, George E. (2014), “*ál ‘anderswo’”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems]‎[1] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, pages 18-21
      3. ^ Dunkel, George E. (2014), “*ól ‘dort drüben; fern’”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems]‎[2] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, pages 592-594
      4. ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “allek”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 30
      5. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “uls”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 638
      6. ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 59

      Further reading

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      Etymology 3

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        Root

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        *h₂el-

        1. all; each, every; entire, whole

        Reconstruction notes

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        Largely nominal or adverbial, with determiners arising in Germanic and Celtic. Connected to 'Root 1' ("to grow") by Dunkel,[1] to 'Root 2' ("beyond") by Pokorny.

        Derived terms
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        Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂el- (all) (47 c, 0 e)
        • *h₂el-nó-s[2] (plus possibly *h₂ol-nó-)
          • Proto-Germanic: *allaz (“all”) (see there for further descendants)
          • Proto-Italic: *alnos
            • Oscan: allo (“whole”, nom.sg.f.)
        • *h₂ol-yo-s
          • Proto-Armenian:
          • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
            • Lithuanian: aliai (“every”)
          • Proto-Celtic: *olyos (see there for further descendants)

        References

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        1. ^ Dunkel, George E. (2014), Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems]‎[3] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 19, note 6
        2. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*alla-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[4], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 23
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