Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/lewh₁-

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/lewh₃- and Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/lewH-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*lewh₁-^[1]

to cut off, release

Alternative reconstructions

*lewH-^[2]
*lh₁u-^[3]

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *lewh₁- (57 c, 0 e)

*léwh₁-t ~ *luh₁-ént (root aorist)^[2]
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: λύτο (lúto)
- Proto-Italic:
  - Latin: lūī
- Proto-Tocharian:
  - Tocharian A: lyu
  - Tocharian B: lyuwa
*lu-né-h₁-ti ~ *lu-n-h₁-énti (nasal-infix present)^[2]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Proto-Slavic:
    - Russian: лу́нуть (lúnutʹ)^[4]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *lunáHti
  - Sanskrit: लु॒नाति॑ (lunā́ti) (see there for further descendants)
    - ⇒ Sanskrit: लुनोति (lunoti)
*luh₁-é-ti (tudati-type thematic root present)^[2] (possibly secondary to the root aorist^[5])
- Proto-Celtic: *luweti
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: λύω (lúō) (originally with short ύ (ú))
- Proto-Italic: *luwō^[5]
  - Latin: luō (“let go, set free”)
*léwh₁-s-ti, *luh₁-s-énti (desiderative)^[2]
- Proto-Germanic: *leusaną (see there for further descendants)
*luh₁-nó-s
- Proto-Germanic: *lunaz (“ransom”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *luHnás
  - Sanskrit: लू॒न (lūná)

Unsorted formations

Proto-Anatolian:
- Hittite: [script needed] (^(GIŠ)lūēššar ~ lūēšn-, “shaving of incense-wood”)^[6]
Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- Sanskrit: ल॒वित्र॑ (lavítra, “sickle”)
Proto-Germanic: *lewô (“scythe”)
>? Old Irish: loittid^[7]
- Irish: loit
- Scottish Gaelic: lot
Old Irish: lón
>? Proto-Slavic: *ľutъ
>? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *lā́ˀwāˀ

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *lawH-
- Proto-Iranian: *rawH-^[8]
- Sanskrit: लू (lū)

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*leusan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 334
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 417
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “λύω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 881-2
^ Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2025), Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²‎^[2]
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “luō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 353
^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 530
^ MacBain, Alexander; Mackay, Eneas (1911), “lot”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎^[3], Stirling, →ISBN
^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*rauH”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 317-318