Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/mḗh₁n̥s

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From earlier *méh₁n̥ss, probably from *meh₁- (“to measure”).

Compare typologically Proto-Mongolic *sara (“moon, month”) (whence Mongolian сар (sar) and others).

Noun

*mḗh₁n̥s m (oblique stem *méh₁n̥s-)^[1]

moon
month

Inflection

Athematic, acrostatic
	singular
nominative	*mḗh₁n̥s
genitive	*méh₁n̥sos
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*mḗh₁n̥s	*mḗh₁n̥sh₁(e)	*mḗh₁n̥ses
vocative	*mḗh₁n̥s	*mḗh₁n̥sh₁(e)	*mḗh₁n̥ses
accusative	*mḗh₁n̥sm̥	*mḗh₁n̥sh₁(e)	*mḗh₁n̥sm̥s
genitive	*méh₁n̥sos	*?	*méh₁n̥soHom
ablative	*méh₁n̥sos	*?	méh₁n̥smos, méh₁n̥sbʰos
dative	*méh₁n̥sey	*?	méh₁n̥smos, méh₁n̥sbʰos
locative	méh₁n̥s, méh₁n̥si	*?	*méh₁n̥su
instrumental	*méh₁n̥sh₁	*?	méh₁n̥smis, méh₁n̥sbʰis

Derived terms

*méh₁n-ōs ~ *meh₁n-s-ós^[2]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *mḗˀnō
  - Lithuanian: mė́nuo
- Proto-Germanic: *mēnô (see there for further descendants)

Descendants

Proto-Albanian: *māsnja (metathesized from earlier *mēns-)^[3]^[4]
- Old Albanian: muoj
  - Albanian: muaj, muej
Armenian:^[5]
- Old Armenian: ամիս (amis)
  - Armenian: ամիս (amis)
Proto-Balto-Slavic: *mḗˀn(e)s-^[6]
- Baltic:
  - Latvian: mẽnesis (“month”), mẽness (“moon”)
  - Lithuanian: mė́nesis
  - Old Prussian: menig (interpreted as corruption of menius, in turn presumably misspelling for original menins^[7])
- Proto-Slavic: *mě̋sę̄cь (< *meh₁n-s-(e)n-ko-)^[8] (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Celtic: *mīns^[9] (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Germanic: *mēnōþs (< *mēnōt-)^[10] (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Hellenic: *mḗns^[11]
- Attic Greek: μήν (mḗn), μείς (meís)
  - Greek: μήνας (mínas)
- Doric Greek: μής (mḗs)
- Elean Greek: μεύς (meús)
- Aeolic Greek: μῆννος (mênnos)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mā́Has^[12] (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Italic: *mēns^[13]
Proto-Tocharian: *mēñē (< *meh₁nē(n))^[14] (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Ringe, Donald (2006), From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, pages 47-48
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*mēnan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 365
^ Oryol, Vladimir E. (1998), “muaj ~ muej”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden; Boston; Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 276
^ Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997), “muaj”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎^[3] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 279
^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010), “amis”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 47-48
^ Derksen, Rick (2015), Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 311–312
^ Reinhold Trautmann: Die altpreußischen Sprachdenkmäler; Göttingen 1910. p. XXIII
^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “313”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 312
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 272
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*mēnōþ-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[4], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 365
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “μήν 2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 945
^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “mā́s- [1]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 308-9: “maHas-”
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “mēnsis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 373
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (1999), “meñe”, in A dictionary of Tocharian B (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN

[1] Ringe, Donald (2006), From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, pages 47-48

[2] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*mēnan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 365

[3] Oryol, Vladimir E. (1998), “muaj ~ muej”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden; Boston; Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 276

[4] Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997), “muaj”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎^[3] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 279

[Martirosyan-5] Martirosyan, Hrach (2010), “amis”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 47-48

[6] Derksen, Rick (2015), Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 311–312

[7] Reinhold Trautmann: Die altpreußischen Sprachdenkmäler; Göttingen 1910. p. XXIII

[8] Derksen, Rick (2008), “313”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 312

[9] Matasović, Ranko (2009), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 272

[10] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*mēnōþ-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[4], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 365

[11] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “μήν 2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 945

[12] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “mā́s- [1]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 308-9: “maHas-”

[13] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “mēnsis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 373

[14] Adams, Douglas Q. (1999), “meñe”, in A dictionary of Tocharian B (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN

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